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Published byReynard Riley Modified over 9 years ago
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pH TURBIDITY Water Quality Factors TEMPERATURE DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)
NITRATES & PHOSPHATES BIO- INDICATORS pH
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TEMPERATURE Temperature – a measure of the warmth or coldness of an object In science we use the Celsius scale 0ºc (water’s freezing point) – 100ºc (water’s boiling point) healthy water systems have cool or cold temperatures
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TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF TEMPERTURE CHANGES:
changes rate of photosynthesis and respiration changes DO in water cold water holds more DO hot water holds less DO changes sensitivity of organisms to toxic waste, parasites, disease.
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TEMPERATURE CAUSES OF TEMPERATURE CHANGES:
Thermal pollution = adding warm water to cold water. CAUSES OF THERMAL POLLUTION: Industry (nuclear power plants, paper mills) Urban Development (storm water runoff, construction, soil erosion)
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DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) Dissolved Oxygen – the amount of oxygen dissolved in a body of water comes from algae and plants related to temperature: colder waters hold more oxygen healthy water systems have high levels of dissolved oxygen
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DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) ORANGE = Oxygen MICKEY MOUSE = Water
Less Oxygen = Less fish Fish need Oxygen
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ORGANIC WASTE = LOW DO Organic waste = parts of once living things
EXAMPLES OF ORGANIC WASTE: Sewage Farm runoff Discharge from food processing plants How does raw sewage lower the dissolved oxygen?
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HEALTHY POND
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RAW SEWAGE IS DUMPED
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UNHEALTHY POND
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HOW RAW SEWAGE LOWERS DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Raw Sewage goes onto water Decomposers chow down Decomposers take up oxygen Decomposers reproduce, taking up more oxygen No more oxygen for other animals Nothing left but decomposer & sewage-filled water.
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pH pH – the measure of how acidic or basic something is
Draw the pH Scale healthy water systems have a pH around 7.0 ( ) low pH comes from acid rain high pH comes from over growth of algae
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pH pH scale *Alkaline = Basic
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pH Acids • Taste Sour • Are Corrosive to Metals
• Turn pH Paper and Universal Indicator Red • No Change in Phenolphthalein Examples Hydrochloric Acid Orange Juice Vinegar Aspirin Bases • Used as cleaning products • Taste Bitter • Feel Slippery • Turn pH Paper and Universal Indicator Blue • Turn Phenolphthalein Pink Ammonia Bleach Baking Soda Sodium Hydroxide Neutrals pH of 7.0 only Milk Distilled Water
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pH
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NITRATES and PHOSPHATES
Nitrates and Phosphates – nitrogen compounds and phosphorous compounds used for growth by plants or algae normally found in fertilizers nitrates and phosphates in water usually come from fertilizer runoff healthy water systems have low levels of nitrates and phosphates
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NITRATES and PHOSPHATES
high nitrate and phosphate levels can cause an algal bloom (large quick algae growth) and increase turbidity, decreasing dissolved oxygen, and killing fish In extreme conditions this leads to eutrophication of the water system
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NITRATES or PHOSPATES OUR HAPPY POND IS NOW “DEAD”
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NITRATES AND PHOSPATES
Eutrophication Process Nitrates and Phosphates feed algae Algae grows & grows Algae blocks sunlight Underwater plants die Algae die and decompose The decomposition takes up oxygen No DO for organisms, so they die Dead material piles up in filling in the lake
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EUTROPHICATION
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NITRATES and PHOSPATES
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TURBIDITY Turbidity – the measure of how clear water is the higher the turbidity the more unclear the water (caused by solids blocking sunlight) measured with a secchi disk healthy water systems have low turbidity silt, sediment, algae, and runoff increase turbidity levels
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TURBIDITY if turbidity is high no photosynthesis can occur and can clog the gills of fish related to temperature: high turbidity causes high temperatures
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TURBIDITY
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TURBIDITY
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BIO-INDICATORS Bio-indicators – organisms or parts of organisms that are used to determine the health of an ecosystem pollution intolerant organisms cannot live in the presence of pollution pollution tolerant organisms can survive and thrive in the presence of pollution healthy water systems have mostly pollution intolerant organisms if pollution tolerant organisms are found then water quality is low
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BIO-INDICATORS HOW HUMANS AFFECT BIO-INDICATORS: Over-fishing
Industrial pollution Poor farming practices Adding foreign species
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BIO-INDICATORS
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