1. Today … Catholic Counter Reformation Reformation Dinner Party Turn in Prescriptions for Salvation if you didn’t Next Unit: DBQ Unit (Chapter 12 not until early October) Study guide for Ch 12 out next week

2. Catholic Counter Reformation Ch 11: Age of Reformation

3. By 1560, the lines had been drawn between Protestants and Catholics. Northern Europe was mainly Protestant; Southern Europe was mainly Catholic Protestant Reformation: Legacy

4. All Protestants rejected papal authority. Protestant Reformation: Legacy

5. Protestant clergy could marry. Protestant Reformation: Legacy

6. Sacraments were reduced to two or three; Sacraments were symbolic (rather than how to get saved). Protestant Reformation: Legacy

7. The true source of Christian belief was the Bible. Protestant Reformation: Legacy

8. Protestants extolled marriage and the family as an ideal. Protestant Reformation: Legacy

9. The Catholic church had to meet the Protestant challenge. Protestant Reformation: Legacy

10. Prior to the Renaissance, after the Babylonian Captivity, there had been a movement toward hold church councils from time to time to sort out challenges. Roots of the Catholic Counter Reformation

11. The councillar movement had died out as the Renaissance Popes consolidated power. The Popes strengthened Rome’s position and were great patrons of Renaissance geniuses.

12. After the reformation, there became a need for reform within the Catholic Church to maintain membership and win new converts. The Catholic Counter Reformation begins. Roots of the Catholic Counter Reformation

13. In 1545, a Catholic Council was held in the town of Trent, between Germany and Italy, to assess the condition of the Church & establish doctrine Roots of the Catholic Counter Reformation

14. There would be three more councils at Trent. They would establish Catholic Doctrine until 1960. Roots of the Catholic Counter Reformation

15. It established papal power. Though cardinals had interests and concerns about their own countries, Papal power was supreme. Council of Trent

16. Justification (Salvation) was by works and faith. Council of Trent

17. The seven sacraments were upheld, including the belief of Transubstantiation. Council of Trent

18. The Latin bible of the 4 th century was the only authorized bible. Council of Trent

19.  Celibacy was upheld  Monasticism was upheld  Saints and the cult of the Virgin were allowed  Abuses of power (like selling indulgences) were forbidden Council of Trent

20. Individual forms of learning and devotion are encouraged Council of Trent

21. The new popes were dedicated to reforms, yet still maintained their power. Council of Trent

22. Kings, like Philip II, led their nations to support the counter- reformation. Philip sent the Armada to England to unseat protestant Elizabeth I from the throne. The rich discoveries of gold and silver in the South America provided the financial backing of the counter reformation.

23. The bishop of Rome produced the Index of Prohibited books. Counter Reformation, ctd..

24. These books have all been on the prohibited list: Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables John Locke’s writings Jean Paul Sartre’s writings And other writings by Defoe, John Stuart Mill and Blaine Pascal

25. There was now a Roman Inquisition, instituted in 1542. Counter Reformation, ctd..

26. Copernicus & Galileo were victim sof the Roman Inquisition for writing about many scientific discoveries. Counter Reformation, ctd..

27. Jews were victims of the inquisition –“ghettos” were created to seclude them Counter Reformation, ctd..

28. Previously there had been the Dominicans and the Franciscans Now there were the Jesuits and Ursulines. New Religious Orders

29. The Jesuits were the most famous new order. They will dominate Catholic history for the next few centuries. New Religious Orders

30. St. Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) had a religious conversion. He established the Jesuits in 1540 New Religious Orders

31. The Jesuits became the militant arm of the church. Jesuits

32. Advisors to Kings Jesuits

33. Jesuit schools were sought after by the aristocrats. Jesuits

34. Today there are 90 Jesuit colleges in 27 countries. Here in the United States the 28 Jesuit colleges have over a million living graduates. There are also 430 Jesuit high schools in 55 countries (46 are here in the U.S.) Jesuits

35. The Jesuits were dedicated missionaries. Jesuits

36. Active in the Americas Jesuits

37. They sought to re-convert Protestants. Jesuits

38. Their greatest victory was the conversion of the Protestant Queen Christina of Sweden. Jesuits

39.  She was raised as a Lutheran  Jesuits came & secretly converted her  She abdicated her throne in Sweden  Spent much of the rest of her life in Italy Jesuits

40. Conflict was inevitable between the Northern Protestant states and the Catholic states. In France and Germany, we will see tensions erupt into two wars.

41. Women in the Reformation Clergy being able to marry lifted the opinions of women in family life  they weren’t evil but rather helpful companions, mothers

42. Art: Baroque Style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries Characterized by ornate detail. Versailles - France

43. Art: Baroque Encouraged by the Catholic church as a way to depict religious images with grandeur and intense emotion Ecstasy of St. Theresa, Bernini

44. Reformation Dinner Party Use your guest list to create a seating chart You’ll have to explain/justify your decisions Who should sit together? Who shouldn’t? Think about the way people are connected or at odds with each other