2. Human System Part 3 Regulation & Circulation

3. I-Regulation: stimuli I-Regulation: Consists of the nervous system an endocrine system which work together to detect and respond to stimuli (changes inside & outside body.) A- Nervous System: A- Nervous System: consist of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and the sense organs.

4. 1- Central Nervous System= a- Brain: a- Brain: receives and interprets nerve impulses ~Controls ~ Controls : thinking, voluntary actions, involuntary actions, and balance. b-Spinal Cord: reflex actions b-Spinal Cord: channels nerve impulses to brain and controls reflex actions.

5. Cerebrum The Biggest Part: Cerebrum thinking voluntary muscles The biggest part of the brain. The cerebrum is the thinking part of the brain and it controls your voluntary muscles — the ones that move when you want them to.

6. Cerebellum's The Cerebellum's Balancing Act: It controls balance, movement, and coordination (how your muscles work together).

7. Brain Stem Brain Stem Keeps You Breathing & More involuntary muscles It connects the brain to the spinal cord. Controls your involuntary muscles —work automatically, tells your heart to pump, and stomach to digests.

9. 3-Nerves 3-Nerves: provide communication between the brain, spinal cord, muscles, and glands. a. Nerves or Neurons b. Three types of neurons: i. Sensory neurons: i. Sensory neurons: carry information from the sense organs to the brain and spinal cord.

10. ii. Motor neurons: ii. Motor neurons: carry information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. iii. Inter neurons: iii. Inter neurons: connect sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord.

11. A Typical Neuron or Nerve Cell Cell Body Nucleus Dendrites Terminal Branches Axon Myelin sheath Synapse

12. 4- Peripheral Nervous System: a. a. consists of a network of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system & connect to the organs of the body.

13. b.Reflexes: b. Reflexes: occur quickly and automatically because the impulses do not have to pass through the brain.

16. c. Autonomic Autonomic Nervous Nervous System: controls nerves that lead to smooth muscle of organs such as small intestine.

17. The Human Nervous System

19. B-The B-The Endocrine System: System: is made up of glands. 1. A gland gland organ that makes and secretes chemicals. 2. Endocrine glands secrete chemicals called hormones hormones. a. a. Endocrine glands secretes hormones into the bloodstream, the blood carries the hormone to an organ, which responds in some way. For example example, if you are suddenly faced with danger, such as a snarling dog.

20. 3. 3. The endocrine system includes the following glands each with its own job. a. Hypothalamus Hypothalamus located at the base of brain controls other endocrine glands. b. Pituitary Pituitary located at the base of brain sometimes called the master master gland gland, stimulates skeletal growth, male and female sex organs, milk production, thyroid and adrenals. c. Thymus Thymus located behind breastbone regulates immune system growth and functions. d. Thyroid Thyroid located in neck increase metabolism maintains calcium and phosphorous levels. ~~ ~~ Parathyroid Parathyroid near thyroid regulates calcium and phosphorus levels

21. e- Adrenal located above kidneys increases heart rate, blood sugar, breathing and blood pressure. Sometimes referred to as fight or flight hormone. These changes prepare your body to respond to the danger. f- Pancreas Pancreas located near stomach regulates sugar breakdown in tissues and regulates blood sugar levels by making Insulin Insulin and Glucagon Glucagon. g- Ovaries Ovaries located in pelvis area produces secondary sex characteristics and growth in lining of uterus wall. Hormone = Estrogen Estrogen and Progesterone Progesterone. h- Testes Testes located in scrotum produce male secondary sex characteristics. Hormone = Testosterone Testosterone.

22. 1.Pineal 2.Pituitary 3.Parathyroid 4.Thymus 5.Adrenal 6.Pancreas 7.Ovaries 8.Testes 9.Thyroid 10.Hypothalamus 10.

23. III-The Circulatory Circulatory System A-The job of the circulatory system: is to bring needed materials such as nutrients, water water, and oxygen O 2 (O 2 ) to to the cells and to carry away away wastes wastes, like carbon dioxide dioxide CO 2 (CO 2 ), from the cells. 1- Components: of the circulatory system: a. Blood Blood: is a liquid tissue containing plasma, red red and white white blood cells, and platelets platelets.

24. b. b. Plasma Plasma: is the liquid liquid part of the blood that carries dissolved nutrients, wastes wastes, and hormones hormones. c. c. Red blood cells: contain the pigment hemoglobin hemoglobin, which is the chemical that carries O2O2 O2O2 to the cells.

25. infection destroy d. White blood cells: fight infection. They surround the infecting organism and destroy it. e. Plateletsclotting bleeding e. Platelets: cause clotting, which stops bleeding.

28. 2. Blood Blood Vessels Vessels: The blood flows through a network network of tubes called blood vessels vessels. There are three types of blood vessels.

29. Arteries away heart a. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veinsto heart b. Veins return blood to the heart.

31. c. C CC Capillaries Connect arteries to veins. Diffusion of material takes place at this level. Smallest (one cell thick)

34. 4. Heart : The heart is a 4 chambered pump. Blood is pumped from the heart to lungs.

35. O 2 CO 2Where it receives O 2 and gets rid of CO 2. Blood then returns to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body.

36. Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava R. Atrium R. Ventricle Pulmonary artery Pulmonary Vein L. Atrium L. Ventricle Aorta