1.  Introduction  Nature of the state and political system  Pakistan adopted typical Mercantilist approach  Political turmoil  Growth and Development debates ▪ Illiterate, uneducated and unhealthy population represent no progress SZABIST KARACHI1

2. ▪ On the other hand country with low income growth but with high social and human capital, with literate, healthy and education population represents progress. ▪ Vietnam and Cuba - have not impressive stats in terms of growth but eradicated illiteracy and have stats in health sector comparable to most developed countries. SZABIST KARACHI2

3. ▪ Different concepts of development – Ideological debates ▪ Authoritarian regimes were considered necessary for achieving high growth rates ▪ Many Third World Dictators justification for taking over during the decades of 50’s, 60’s, 70’s. ▪ Emergence of Neoliberal Ideology. SZABIST KARACHI3

4.  Today’s concept of Development which is based on sustainable, participatory, environmentally responsible.  The development based on single factor, that was growth, has been replaced by large number of other indicators. SZABIST KARACHI4

5.  Pakistan since 147  Today Pakistan is less than half of the country  55% population lived in East Pakistan.  Small ruling clique from west Pakistan subjected to 55% population to economic and other injustices, leading to session in 1971. SZABIST KARACHI5

6.  In 1947 Pakistan was agriculture country  It contributed 53% to GDP  Manufacturing: 7.8  Retail: 11.9  Most of the exports consisted of primary products SZABIST KARACHI6

7.  In 2003, the situation was different  Agriculture’s contribution has been reduced to 24% towards GDP  Manufacturing is up to 25%  Service sector has dominantly replaced agriculture secretor, contributing more than half of the total GDP.  Still agriculture is biggest sector in terms of labour force and constitutes 48% labour force. SZABIST KARACHI7

8.  Apart from that there have been structural changes due to improvement in economic conditions.  According 1951 Census, 17% of West Pakistanis lived in areas designated as Urban. Now 40% live in cities and towns. SZABIST KARACHI8

9.  Some Economist divides the Development of Pakistan Economy in what they call five epochs.  First 1947-58 and this period is called Laying the foundation.  Decade of Development 1958-68. ▪ During this period there was phenomenal growth in Agriculture and Industry. ▪ In the first five years manufacturing grew by as much as 17 percent and in the second half of Ayub Khan rule, agriculture growth increase by 6%, while industry grew by 10%. ▪ Controversy SZABIST KARACHI9

10.  1971-77 – period of nationalisation or socialisim  1977-88- Period of de-nationalisation  The era of structural Adjustment 1988 and onwards. SZABIST KARACHI10

11.  Pakistan: fact sheet  %  Illiterate adults57  Illiterate female adults72  Population below P.L34  Without access to safe water45  With out access to sanitation39  Malnourished38 ▪ 7 million children were out of school in 1997 ▪ 63 million people don not have access to health facilities ▪ 17 million are without safe drinking water ▪ 54 million are with out sanitation facilities ▪ There are 740,000 child death a year, half of then linked to malnutrition. SZABIST KARACHI11

12.  One half of primary school children drop out before reaching grade five  Against 100 male, only 16 female are economically active  62 million people live in absolute poverty, according to World Bank 2008 report. SZABIST KARACHI12

13. Conclusion/Q&A SZABIST KARACHI13