1. Mammal Organ System

2. Integumentary System 4 types of tissue: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous Epithelial - outer surface of the skin; covers all body surfaces Connective Tissue - serves as glue, holding your body together Muscle tissue - interact w/ hairs on the skin to respond to a stimuli Nervous tissue - helps detect external stimuli The skin is a flexible & responsive organ

3. Function of Skin Help maintain homeostasis –Regulate body temperature Sense organ Role in producing vitamins Protective layer to underlying tissues

4. 2 layers of skin 1.Epidermis: outer layer of skin Contains keratin: helps protect living cell layers underneath from exposure to bacteria, heat, and chemicals. Contains melanin: pigment that colors the skin & helps protect body cells from damage by UV rays.

5. 2 layers of skin 2.Dermis: inner layer of skin Contains: blood vessels, nerves, hairs, sweat glands, and oil glands Beneath these structures: connective tissues and fat reservoirs The contours in the dermis form the fingerprints. Know the following pictures and structures.

7. Bones: The body’s support Human skeleton has 206 bones. 2 main parts: –Axial skeleton: skull bones & bones that support it such as vertebral column, ribs, and sternum –Appendicular skeleton: bones of arms, legs, shoulders, hips, wrists, etc.

8. Know these Bones

9. Joints: where bones meet Joint: found where two or more bones meet –Facilitate movement –3 types: fixed, slightly moveable, and synovial = flexable joints like elbow, knee, shoulder –Ligaments: tough band of connective tissue that attaches bone to another bone –Tendon: thick bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones –Bursae: fluid-filled sac that cushions and decreases friction in the synovial joint.

10. Types of Bone Tissue Compact: hard bone Spongy: compact bone is surrounds less dense bone called spongy bone Osteocytes: living bone cells Osteoblasts: potential bone cells Bone growth: epiphysis

11. Bone Structure

12. Functions of Skeletal System Primary function to provide framework for muscles and other tissues Movement Produce blood cells = red marrow: found in many bones, production site of red blood cells Yellow Marrow = found in many other bones consists of stored fat Storage for minerals

13. Bone injury and disease Osteoporosis: degenerative bone disease where bones become brittle due to changes in their compositions Fractures: –Open vs. Closed –Compound vs Simple –Displaced vs. nondisplaced –Green stick

14. Muscles for Locomotion Three types of muscle tissue: –Smooth: organs, nonstriated, involuntary –Cardiac: heart, striated or striped, invol. –Skeletal: every other muscle, striated, voluntary Involuntary vs. Voluntary Striated vs. Nonstriated

15. Know these muscles: