1. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 1 of 33 PowerPoint presentation Setting out shaped doors and frames Unit 309: Manufacture shaped doors and frames

2. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 2 of 33 Setting out shaped doors and frames Identify different types of shaped doors and frames Describe methods used to set out shaped doors and frames Describe different construction methods used in forming curved components

3. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 3 of 33 Types of curved headed doors Shaped headed doors and frames usually fall into one of the following four design categories: Segmental Semi-circular Gothic Parabolic

4. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 4 of 33 Segmental styled frames Segmental top door frameSegmental top panelled door

5. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 5 of 33 Semi-circular headed doors and frames Window frame Top of a semi-circular panelled door

6. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 6 of 33 Gothic shaped frames Top of a gothic door frame Top of a boarded gothic door

7. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 7 of 33 Parabolic style frames Parabolic-styled frames are similar to the three centred arches and elliptical frames in so far as one of the foci points is fixed while the other is allowed to move. Top of a parabolic style door

8. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 8 of 33 Setting out shaped doors and frames To enable the accurate setting out of shaped headed doors and frames, a full-size drawing needs to be created. This will require three pieces of information: 1.The shape required: segmental semi-circular gothic parabolic elliptical 2.Span – how wide is the frame? 3.Rise – how high is the curved part of the frame?

9. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 9 of 33 Segmental arch For a segmental arch of span AB and rise CD use the following method: 1.Draw span AB. 2.Bisect line AB and find point C by drawing bisecting line. 3.Measure rise D up bisecting line.

10. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 10 of 33 4.Draw line BD and bisect it. 5.Where lines bisecting AB and BD intersect, mark point O. 6.With O as centre and OD as radius, draw the arc ADB for the arch.

11. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 11 of 33 Mathematical method The formula for calculating the radius of a segmental arch is: ((D X D) ÷ C) + C = Radius 2 C D Radius

12. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 12 of 33 Semi-circular arches For span AB the rise will be half the span. 1.Draw span AB. 2.Bisect line AB and find point O. 3.With radius AO draw semi- circular arch AB.

13. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 13 of 33 Gothic or equilateral arch For an equilateral arch the radius of each arc equals the span. 1.Draw span AB. 2.Using Span AB as the radius, draw arcs AC (centred on point A) and BC (centred on point B).

14. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 14 of 33 Parabolic or three-centred arch This form of arch is most often used with openings that are wide along with a shallow rise. 1.Draw rectangle equal to span and rise with points ABCDEF. AC B DEF

15. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 15 of 33 1.With E as centre and EA as radius, draw arc AG1. Repeat for other side drawing arc BG2. 2.With D as centre and DG1 as radius, draw arc to intersect AD, noting the point of intersection as J1. Repeat for other side, noting point J2. 3.Bisect AJ1 and draw line, noting point 1 where line intersects AC. Repeat for other side ensuring both bisection lines are long enough to cross. Note point 2 at intersection.

16. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 16 of 33 4.With centre 1 and radius A1, draw arc AK. Repeat for other side, drawing arc BL. 5.With centre 2 and radius D2 draw arc KD. Repeat for other side, drawing arc LD.

17. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 17 of 33 Elliptical arch The elliptical arch can be drawn in several ways; here are four methods: 1.concentric circle method 2.intersecting lines 3.pins and string 4.trammel method.

18. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 18 of 33 To create an ellipse using the concentric circle method you will need to know the length of the ‘X’ axis and the length of the ‘Y’ axis. 1.Set out the length of the X axis – X is the longest axis. 2.Bisect the X axis – open compass out to more then ½ the length and describe an arc from each end of the X axis. X X

19. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 19 of 33 3.Set out the length of the ‘Y’ axis – ‘Y’ is the shortest axis. Mark off the length of the Y axis, measuring half the length each side of the X axis. X X Y Y

20. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 20 of 33 4.Set a compass to the Y radius and describe a circle, using the intersection of XY as the centre point. 5.Set a compass the X radius and describe a circle, again using the intersection of XY as the centre point. X X Y Y

21. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 21 of 33 6.Using set squares, break the circle up into sections, the more sections the easier it is the draw the ellipse. X X Y Y

22. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 22 of 33 7.Using set squares, measure out and down from the circle intersecting points. X X Y Y

23. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 23 of 33 8.Mark a line joining the intersecting points to form the ellipse. X Y Y

24. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 24 of 33 Intersecting lines method 1.Draw span AB (major axis) and rise CD (minor axis). 2.Form rectangle ABCDEF. E ACB FD

25. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 25 of 33 3.Divide lines AE and AC into equal parts, the more parts the easier it is to draw the ellipse. 4.Repeat on the other side, ensuring the same number of parts on each side. E ACB FD

26. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 26 of 33 5.Extend line DC to point G so line GC is equal to rise (DC). 6.Draw lines from point D to each section point on AE and BF. 7.From point G draw lines through points on line AB until they reach points on lines drawn from D above. E ACB FD G

27. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 27 of 33 6.Now complete by drawing lines for the ellipse. E C FD BA

28. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 28 of 33 Ellipse using pins, string and pencil 1.Draw major and minor axis AB and CD 2.With centre C and radius AE, mark points F1 and F2. 3.Place pins at points F1, F2 and C. 4.Place taut string around pins. 5.Remove pin at point C 6.Place pencil tight up against string and draw ellipse.

29. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 29 of 33 Ellipse using trammels Construct trammel, having points equal to half the major axis (run) and half the minor axis (rise) from pencil or cutter. Source:

30. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 30 of 33 Construct base board to take trammel Source:

31. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 31 of 33 Base board using trammel with router attached Source:

32. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 32 of 33 Trammel set up with pencil Source: thisiscarpentry.com

33. Level 3 Diploma in Bench Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 33 of 33 Any questions?