1. Ochre Volume Minimisation Matt Dey or Ochre Concentration The School of Engineering

2. The Team Keith Williams Fred Pooley Liyuan Liang Devin Sapsford Chris Bullen Andrew Barnes

3. Active Treatment Industrial Partners

4. Neutralisation reactor Effluent Clarifier/Thickener Mixer/Aerator Neutralisation reagent Clean water Solids Standard chemical precipitation

5. Chemical precipitation

6. Neutralisation reactor Effluent Clarifier/Thickener Recirculated solids Neutralisation reagent Solids Floc reactor Flocculant reagent HDS

7. Bench tests

8. Different neutralisation reagents Ca(OH) 2

9. Different neutralisation reagents NaOH

10. Different neutralisation reagents Mg(OH) 2

15. Shear

16. Pilot Plant First stage reactor Second stage reactor Flocculation

17. Active Plant Horden

18. Passive Treatment Partners

19. Canal Worsley Delph & Bridgewater Canal Influent Pump Bed of sandEffluent

20. Results Flow rate (l/hr) IronRetention Time (Hrs) Approximate Operating Time * Total (mg/l)% Removed 246246 0.4 0.7 0.8 97% 95% 94% 23 11.5 7.7 72hrs 96hrs 72hrs

21. Taff Merthyr IBC design Influent Effluent Bed of pea gravel

22. Results Feed rate (L/min) Average % removed Retention time (hrs) 0.0589%300 2.2581%6.7 2.4093%6.3 2.8588%5.3 10.8051%1.4

23. EPSRC Funded Research Approximately 6 x 4m tank, 2m deep Up to 4l/s (14.4m 3 /hr) flowrate 3 years in the field operation Optimise ochre accretion/filtration Under drainage to aid in ochre thickening

24. Will it work? Palenna