1. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Vocabulary Pick up the vocabulary handout for Ch. 5 The Cardiovascular System and complete.

2. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Warm-up: Pair Share For the healthcare worker, it may be argued that the cardiovascular system is the most important system. Discuss with your partner why the cardiovascular system may be the most important system you learn as a healthcare worker.

3. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Cardiovascular System at a Glance Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women. About 600,000 Americans die from heart disease each year—that’s 1 in every 4 deaths. In the United States, someone has a heart attack every 34 seconds. Each minute, someone in the United States dies from a heart disease-related event. Coronary heart disease alone costs the United States $108.9 billion each year.

4. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Risk Factors Key Risk Factors High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol (LDL) Smoking Other Risk Factors Diabetes Overweight and Obesity Poor Diet Physical Inactivity Excessive Alcohol Use

5. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Interesting Facts About the Cardiovascular System If you put your circulatory system on a straight line, it is actually long enough to orbit the earth two and a half times! The heart beats around 3,000,000,000 (3 billion times) in the average person's life.

6. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Interesting Facts About the Cardiovascular System About 8 million blood cells die in the human body every second, and the same number are born each second. Inside a tiny droplet of blood, there are around 5 million red blood cells and up to 7,000 to 25,000 white blood cells.

7. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. A Living Language Medical Terminology Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=m_-7e81rVd8

8. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Objectives Describe the major organs of the cardiovascular system and their functions. Describe the anatomy of the heart. Describe the flow of blood through the heart. Explain how the electrical

9. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Functions of Cardiovascular System Also called circulatory system Maintains distribution of blood to all areas of body Delivery of needed substances to cells -oxygen and nutrients to cells (ex. glucose and amino acids) Removal of wastes -Picks up waste products from cells and delivers to lungs, liver, and kidneys for elimination (ex. CO 2 )

10. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Cardiovascular System at a Glance Organs of Cardiovascular System Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins

11. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Circulation Divided into pulmonary circulation systemic circulation

12. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Systemic Circulation Between heart and cells of body Carries oxygenated blood away from left side of heart to body Carries deoxygenated blood from body to right side of heart

13. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Pulmonary Circulation Between heart and lungs Carries deoxygenated blood away from right side of heart to lungs Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left side of heart

14. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 5.1 – A schematic of the circulatory system illustrating the pulmonary circulation picking up oxygen from the lungs and the systemic circulation delivering oxygen to the body. http://education- portal.com/academy/less on/the-human- circulatory-system-parts- and- functions.html#lesson

15. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Heart Muscular pump Made up of cardiac muscle fibers Could be called a muscle instead of an organ Beats an average of 60 – 100 beats per minute (bpm), or about 100,000 times a day Each time the muscle contracts: Blood is ejected from heart Pushed throughout body within blood vessels

16. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Heart Located in the mediastinum More to left side of chest Directly behind sternum About size of a fist Shaped like upside-down pear Tip of heart at lower edge Called the apex

17. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 5.2 – Location of the heart within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

18. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Heart Layers EndocardiumMyocardiumEpicardium Inner layer Lines heart chambers Smooth, thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through heart chambers Middle layer Thick muscle Contraction of this layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels Outer layer Forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac Fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats

19. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 5.3 – Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart layers, and major blood vessels associated with the heart. http://education- portal.com/academy/less on/anatomy-of-the-heart- blood-flow-and- parts.html#lesson

20. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Heart Chambers Divided into four chambers Two atria Two ventricles Heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall called the septum

21. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Atria Left and right upper chambers Receiving chambers Blood returns to atria in veins Superior and inferior vena cava Pulmonary veins

22. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ventricles Left and right lower chambers Pumping chambers Thick myocardium Blood exits ventricles into arteries Aorta Pulmonary artery

23. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 5.3 – Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart layers, and major blood vessels associated with the heart.

24. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 5.4 – Internal view of heart specimen illustrating heart chambers, septum, and heart valves.

25. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Four valves in heart Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic Act as restraining gates to control direction of blood flow Found at entrance and exit to ventricles Allow blood to flow only in forward direction by blocking it from returning to previous chamber Heart Valves

26. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 5.4 – Internal view of heart specimen illustrating heart chambers, septum, and heart valves.

27. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Tricuspid Valve An atrioventricular valve Between right atrium and ventricle Prevents blood in ventricle from flowing back into atrium Has 3 leaflets or cusps

28. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Pulmonary Valve A semilunar valve Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery Prevents blood in artery from flowing back into ventricle Semilunar – valve looks like half moon

29. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Mitral Valve An atrioventricular valve Between left atrium and ventricle Prevents blood in ventricle from flowing back into atrium Also called bicuspid valve - has two cusps

30. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Aortic Valve A semilunar valve Between left ventricle and aorta Prevents blood in aorta from flowing back into ventricle

31. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 5.5 – Superior view of heart valves illustrating position, size, and shape of each valve.

32. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart 1.Deoxygenated blood from body enters relaxed right atrium via two large veins called: Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava

33. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Click here to view an animation of atrial blood flow.here Back to Directory Atrial Blood Flow Animation

34. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart 2.Right atrium contracts Blood flows through tricuspid valve into relaxed right ventricle

35. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart 3.Right ventricle contracts Blood is pumped through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery Carries blood to lungs

36. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart 4.Relaxed left atrium receives blood that has been oxygenated by lungs Blood enters left atrium from the four pulmonary veins

37. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart 5.Left atrium contracts Blood flows through mitral valve into relaxed left ventricle

38. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart 6.Left ventricle contracts Blood is pumped through the aortic valve and into aorta Largest artery in the body Carries blood to all parts of body

39. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 5.6 – The path of blood flow through the chambers of the left and right side of the heart. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rj_qD0SEGGk

40. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Circulatory System Musical Quiz (Heart Quiz) - YouTube Circulatory System Musical Quiz (Heart Quiz) - YouTube