1. 1 TRIATHLON CANADA Level 1 Officials Course

2. 2 Competition Rules 1.Introductionpg 4-5 2.History of Triathlonpg 6-7 3.Organizational Structurepg 8-10 4.Conduct of Competitorspg 11-12 5.Rule Enforcementpg 13-20 6.Swim Conductpg 21-22 7.Bike Conductpg 23-30

3. 3 Competition Rules con’t 8.Run Conductpg 31 9.Transition Conductpg 32 10.Start / Finish Conductpg 33 11.Role of Officialspg 34-40 12.Protestspg 41-45 13.Appealspg 46-49 14.Uniforms & Equipmentpg 50

4. 4 Introduction Thank you on behalf of all triathletes for undertaking the task of official. Level 1 Officials are qualified to: –Be a race official –Be an assistant to head referee –Enforce and report rule infractions The goals of the course are: –To learn Competition Rules –To learn how to enforce rules All Level 1 Officials should receive: –Level 1 Manual (course notes) –Copy of Competition Rules –Check list for events worked / Log Book –Level 1 Officials Card

5. 5 Introduction con’t Our judgment is based on the Fair Play Rule: –Respect for fellow competitors –Respect for Officials –Respect for the rules –Safety first –Even playing field The purpose of the Competition Rules: –Provide a safe event –Create an event playing field –Penalize competitors who gain an unfair advantage

6. 6 History of Triathlon Triathlon begins as a X-training activity to reduce the risk of injury, prevent boredom, and increase overall fitness. 1 st recorded triathlon – Mission Bay California 1974. 1 st race in Canada?? 1979 – Victoria, BC / Manitoba / Ontario. All hosted races in 1979. Boom in sport 1982 as world watches Julie Moss crawl to finish the Hawaii Ironman on ABC Wide World of Sports. International Triathlon Union formed in 1989 ITU Competition Rules published in 1990 Triathlon debuts in the Pan Am and Commonwealth Games in 1994. 4 distinct distances evolve: –Sprint / Short Course (Olympic) / Long Course / Ironman

7. 7 History of Triathlon con’t Triathlon debuts in Olympics in Sydney 2000 Duathlon evolves from triathlon. Kids of Steel & Youth Events emerge (note – new age groups and distances for 2001) ITU hosts World Championships in Triathlon and Duathlon each year. There is also a World Cup Series and various Points Races. Triathlon Canada recognizes and supports Off- Road triathlon with a national championship.

8. 8 Organizational Structure ITU Triathlon Canada Sub- Committees National Federations Sub- Committees Provincial Governing Bodies Sub- Committees Clubs

9. 9 Organizational Structure ITU –World governing body –Sanctions World cup and World Championship events –Conducts selection of athletes to Games NF’s –National Federations govern sport at national level –Sanction national events –Provide athlete development at elite level –Liaison to the ITU PGB’s –Govern sport at provincial level –Sanction provincial triathlon and duathlon events. –Provide athlete development at all levels –Liaison to clubs/members

10. 10 Organizational Structure NATIONAL OFFICIALS PROGRAM: Level 1 official –knows competition rules –qualified official or assistant head referee –Qualified to enforce and report rule infractions Level 2 Official –Prerequisite of level 1 certification –Knows competition rules –Knows Operations Manual –Qualified head referee, race director, technical delegate –Qualified to teach Level1 clinics Level 3 Official –Prerequisite of Level 2 certification –Qualified official for national events –Qualified to teach Level 2 clinics

11. 11 Conduct of Competitors Health –Any competitor who appears to present a danger to the health and welfare of themselves, another competitor, official, or spectator may be removed from the competition. Doping –Competitors must comply with ITU doping standards (see competition rules)

12. 12 Conduct of Competitors Good Sportsmanship Responsible for own safety Know the competition rules Obey traffic regulations and/or officials Respect for fellow competitors, officials, rules No abusive language Inform officials after withdrawing from race If a rule is violated inform officials

13. 13 RULE ENFORCEMENT A proactive approach should be used to enforce the rules so infractions can be penalized in the course of the race. Rules enforced by : –Race Official Warnings Stop / Start penalties Reports / recommendations for DQ’s –Head Referee Disqualifications –ITU, NF or PGB Suspensions and expulsions

14. 14 RULE ENFORCEMENT Warnings –It is not mandatory to give a warning prior to issuing a penalty or reporting a violation. –It is the discretion of the official to issue a warning –A warning may be given when: The violation appears unintentional and can be corrected after a warning A race official believes a violation is about to occur

15. 15 RULE ENFORCEMENT Stop – Start Penalty (yellow card) –This is an on the spot penalty issued by an official usually on the cycle course, however an athlete may be asked to stop forward progress at any point during the race. –During the cycle portion a competitor who appears to be drafting, blocking, or unsafe is asked to stop and get completely off the bike (both feet on same side of bike) and wait for the official to signal them to proceed.

16. 16 RULE ENFORCEMENT Disqualification –Not mandatory an official give warning before writing a recommendation for disqualification. –A competitor may still complete the race if official indicated recommended disqualification (red card) –A competitor may appeal a DQ –DQ’s are awarded by the HR as a result of a report made by an official, or the upholding of a protest. –A race official makes yellow and red card violation calls by: Blowing a whistle Calling out the competitor race # Showing the red or yellow card

17. 17 RULE ENFORCEMENT A competitor may be DQ’d for –Abusive language towards anyone –Blocking, charging, drafting, and jeopardizing the health and safety of others. –Failure to follow prescribed course –Accepting assistance from anyone else other than a race official –Refusing to follow instructions from an official –Not wearing the unaltered race number provided –Unsportsmanlike conduct.

18. 18 RULE ENFORCEMENT Suspension and Expulsion –Recommended when: Conduct is of a violent or severe nature Fraud: assumed name, age, etc. Using artificial performance enhancing substances Repeat violations –Awarded at the national or international level by: The Executive Board on the recommendation of the Technical committee Violations can be reported by the Head Referee, through the TD to the Technical committee

19. 19 RULE ENFORCEMENT Violation Report –Written report concerning an observed violation that requests the disqualification, suspension, or expulsion of a competitor. –Submitted by a race official to the Head Referee because: Abusive language directed towards the official, spectator, or another competitor. Blatant disregard for the rules Refusal to follow the directions of an official Blatant cutting of the course.

20. 20 RULE ENFORCEMENT Penalty Notification: –All penalties awarded by the violation report and upheld by the Head Referee will be posted on the “Penalties Notice Board” in a clearly visible area near the finish line or post race area. –An athlete may appeal the decision by the Head Referee to the competition jury at a cost of $50.00 which will be refunded if the appeal is successful –A suspension may result from the ruling of the HR: The HR may advise the provincial, national or international associations of the recommendation for suspension or expulsion who must then notify the competitor within 30 days.

21. 21 SWIM CONDUCT General Rules: –Competitor responsible for staying on course –Any stroke may be used –May stand on the bottom but forward progress is via swim stroke only. –Raise arm for emergency assistance. If assistance accepted the competitor must retire from race –No propulsive devises allowed –No wetsuit bottom without tops –Competitor must wear swim cap provided –Wetsuits must not exceed 5mm thickness –A ruling on wetsuits is made 24hrs prior to start with a final ruling 1 hour prior.

22. 22 SWIM CONDUCT The use of wetsuits will be determined by the following tables for age group & Juniors: Swim Length Forbidden Above Mandatory Below Maximum Stay 0 – 1500m22C14C1hr 10min 1501- 3000m 23C15C1hr 40min 3000- 4000m 24C16C2hr 15min

23. 23 BIKE CONDUCT General Rules –Approved helmets are mandatory –Helmets must be securely fastened at all times when in possession of the bike –Bare torsos are not permitted –Must obey traffic laws unless directed by an official –Any competitor who appears to be in danger to themselves or others will be removed –No forward progress without the bicycle –Headphones, headsets and glass containers are banned –No drafting unless specified.

24. 24 BIKE CONDUCT Drafting Zones: –A rectangle surrounding every bicycle and vehicle. –Competitors cannot overlap draft zones. Age group athletes have 15 seconds to pass through the zone. –Rectangle Size Bikes – 5 meters by 2 meters Vehicles – 35 meters by 5 meters

25. 25 BIKE CONDUCT Drafting Zones: –Competitors can overlap drafting zones when: Making forward progress and pass within allotted time Safety reasons require At aid stations or entering/leaving transition Making an acute turn Race officials exclude a section of the course because of narrow lanes, construction, detours or other safety reasons.

26. 26 BIKE CONDUCT Drafting –The lead cyclist has the right of way –Once overtaken it is the competitors responsibility to move out of the drafting zone. They can not try to overtake until they have left the zone. –It is the responsibility of the driver of a race vehicle to not overlap with cyclists –Wind direction, wind speed, speed of cyclists, and course terrain influence any advantage gained by riding in another competitors zone. –The role of the drafting zone is for safety first, and to prevent another competitor from gaining an unfair advantage.

27. 27 BIKE CONDUCT Policing of Drafting: –Levels of policing: Verbal warning Stop / Start Disqualification –Stop / Start Penalty Blow whistle / call competitor number / show yellow card Violator must pull safely off the course They must then completely dismount the bike and lift it off the ground. The violator may proceed once the official has indicated by removing the yellow card.

28. 28 BIKE CONDUCT Drafting Report –The draft marshal may provide a report to the head referee recommending a DQ for drafting –The violator will be notified of the marshals intent to write a report by having the marshal blow a whistle, call out the violators race number, and show a red card. –Drafting marshals should be proactive wherever possible. –No warning, or stop-start, required prior to showing a red card

29. 29 BIKE CONDUCT Equipment: –Bikes must have the following: No more then 2 meters long and 75 cm wide At least 24 cm from ground to chain wheel axle A vertical line touching the front of the saddle must be no more 5cm in front and 15cm behind a vertical line through the chain wheel axle. 54 – 65 cm from front axle to chain wheel axle No fairings Wheels must be of spoke construction (covers may be allowed on back at TD’s and HR’s discretion). Handlebars must be plugged Etc. (see rulebook for complete listing – pg.8)

30. 30 BIKE CONDUCT Equipment –Helmets Meet CSA, ANSI, SNELL safety standards No alteration to any part of the helmet or strap Secured on head prior to removing bike from rack Secured at all times when on bike Secured until bike is racked

31. 31 RUN CONDUCT General Rules –May walk or run / no crawling –No bare torso –Keeping on course is the responsibility of the competitor –Considered finished when torso crosses finish line –Any competitor who presents a danger to themselves, another competitor, official, or spectator will be removed from race. –Headphones, headsets, and glass containers are banned.

32. 32 TRANSITION CONDUCT General Rules –Must use designated rack only –Must not impede forward progress of fellow competitors –Must not interfere with other competitors equipment –Must keep all equipment in designated area –Must mount and dismount at designated spot –No cycling in transition –Must rack own bike –No indecent exposure

33. 33 ROLE OF THE OFFICIAL Organization of Officials –Officials are appointed by the governing body providing the sanctioning –The same officials are used at each race –The officials are: Technical Delegate (TD) Head Referee (HR) Head Swim / Cycle / Run & Transition Officials Other officials Competition Jury

34. 34 ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS Governing Body Technical Delegate Competition JuryHead Referee Head Transition Official Head Swim Official Head Run Official Head Cycle Official Marshals

35. 35 ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS Technical Delegate –Appointed by the governing body providing sanctioning –Responsible for appointing competition jury and the head referee –Oversees technical preparation for the event Head Referee –Appointed by Technical Delegate –Responsible to the TD to hear and make final judgment on all violations reported by the marshals, protests and award penalties –Organizes and instructs race marshals with action plan for enforcing rules

36. 36 ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS Competition Jury –Appointed by TD –Reviews and makes decisions on all appeals Officials / Marshals –Appointed by Head Referee –Responsible to be proactive in preventing rule violations –Reports to head referee all recommendations for disqualification

37. 37 ROLE OF THE OFFICIALS Competition Jury: –Technical Delegate –A representative of the host society (usually not the race director) –A member of the governing body providing sanctioning - Executive Board or Council member.

38. 38 PROTESTS Protest Jurisdiction: –A competitor may file a protest with the head referee provided the action has not already been ruled on. –A protest may not be made on a judgment call –There are time restrictions on protests. Protests concerning the course: –In writing 24 hrs prior to the start of the race –If a course does not meet the requirements of the operational manual

39. 39 PROTESTS Protest Concerning Eligibility –In writing to the HR prior to race start –Competitor may compete with decision being made prior to results announced Protests During the Race –A competitor who protests against another competitor or official must do so in writing within 15 minutes of their finish. Protests Concerning Timekeeping –Protest must be delivered within 30 minutes after unofficial results have been posted. Protests Concerning Equipment –A competitor who protests against another competitor’s equipment must do so in writing within 15 minutes of their finish.

40. 40 PROTESTS Consideration of Protests: –A protest will not be considered unless: Submitted to HR in allotted time Protest accompanied by $50.00 Protest submitted on Protest Form –A Protest Form must contain: Name, address, telephone # of protester Alleged rule or procedure violation Location and approximate time Person(s) involved in infraction Statement diagram of the alleged violation Name one or more witnesses

41. 41 PROTESTS Protest Hearing Procedure: –The protest is to be submitted in writing with the protest fee to the head referee within the time limit. –Copies of protests are to be made available to the competitor(s) or official(s) named in the protest prior to a hearing –Protester and accused (or federation representative) should be present or TD may decide to postpone or cancel hearing. The Competition Jury may make decision without them. –The hearing is not open to the public –The Competition Jury Chairperson (usually TD) will read the protest.

42. 42 PROTESTS Protest Hearing Procedure con’t: –The protester and accused will be given adequate time to give their account of the incident –Witnesses (max 2) may speak for 3 minutes each –The Competition Jury will hear evidence and render a decision by simple majority. –The decision is delivered in writing to the parties and posted immediately –If upheld the $50 fee is returned to the athlete.

43. 43 APPEALS Appeals –A competitor may file an appeal with the TD provided that the decision appealed has not previously been ruled on. –An appeal may not be made on judgment calls. –There are time restrictions in making appeals. Consideration of an Appeal –Appeal is to be submitted within 15 min. of the competitors finish or posting of violation by the official, whichever is later. –Appeal must be accompanied by $50 and submitted on an Appeal Form.

44. 44 APPEALS Consideration of Appeals –The Appeal Form must contain: Name, address, telephone # of APPLICANT Alleged rule or procedure violation Location and approximate time Person(s) involved in infraction Statement diagram of the alleged violation Name one or more witnesses Rational for and summary of the appeal

45. 45 APPEALS Consideration of an Appeal: –Appeal hearing procedures are the same as those used for protests. Post Decision procedures: –The TD must endorse protest and appeal decisions and forward the report and fees (if any) to the sanctioning body.

46. 46 Protests and Appeals The HR and TD will have copies of the official Protest and Appeal forms on hand. Decisions of the CJ may be appealed to Governing Body Executive Board, AGM, or Alternate Dispute Resolution for Sport (ADRSportRED).

47. 47 Uniforms and Equipment Fanny pack Sunscreen, glasses Pen & pencil Small notepad Water bottle Red / Yellow card Whistle Officials vest Credentials Card Running Shoes Plastic Poncho Small First Aid Kit Hat Rule Book Light Snack Communication Device Race Day Schedule Tape measure Tape to plug handlebars