1. The House Divided Chapter 14 Causes of the Civil War

2. Expansion and Prohibition of Slavery Northwest Ordinance 1787- No slavery in the new territories. Louisiana Purchase 1803- Doubled the size of the US. Missouri Compromise 1820-Terms settled the issue of slavery for the time being. Wilmot Proviso 1846-Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed no slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico/Mexican Cession. (violate the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Mexican Cession 1853- Territory gained after the Mexican American War.

3. Causes of the Civil War https://youtu.be/LQQJDR_rX30 12.26 https://youtu.be/LQQJDR_rX30

4. Most intense debate in U.S. History John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law South wanted California threatened to secede from U.S. U.S. should have two Presidents--- one from the North and one for the South Comp of 1850 Daniel Webster Daniel Webster Secession is impractical & impossible How would we split the land? The military? Compromise at all cost Preserve the Union Henry Clay Henry Clay The Great Compromiser, with John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose this compromise.

5. U.S. Senator from the state of IllinoisU.S. Senator from the state of Illinois Solve the slavery issue was through Popular SovereigntySolve the slavery issue was through Popular Sovereignty let the people in each territory decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery or not.let the people in each territory decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery or not. Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850 Calif. A free stateCalif. A free state enforce Fugitive Slave Lawenforce Fugitive Slave Law Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.stop slave trade in Washington, D.C. Picture/S.Douglas

6. Compromise of 1850 terms California entered the Union as a free state. New Mexico and Utah became territories where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty. Texas accepted its boundary with New Mexico and received $10 million from the federal government. Congress ended the slave trade in the District of Columbia but enacted a more stringent fugitive slave law that stipulated that all citizens were expected to assist officials in apprehending runaway slaves.

7. Popular Sovereignty In the heat of the Wilmot Proviso debate, many southern lawmakers began to question the right of Congress to determine the status of slavery in any territory.

8. Map Comp of 1850 Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state.

9. Map Kan/Neb Act Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state.

10. Fugitive Slave Law 1850 There was a Fugitive slave Act of 1793 which guaranteed the slaveholder the right to recover his slave who had escaped. To gain support and pass the Compromise of 1850 included a provision about slaves. The subsequent law included additional provisions like: Law officials EVERYWHERE who are required to arrest runaway slave. Those providing shelter/assistance to fugitive subject to six + months' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine. Officers who captured a fugitive slave were entitled to a bonus. It also punishes those who do not comply with the law The fugitive slave is NOT entitled to a jury trial.

12. Picture/Stowe Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abolitionist, authored the book Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin 1852 Book was used as propaganda to show the inhumanity of slavery. Southerners were enraged by this book and called it “ lies ”.

13. Build a transcontinental connecting California to the East Coast either in the South or North Build a transcontinental connecting California to the East Coast either in the South or North Stephen Douglas proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to slavery in return for building the railroad in the North. Stephen Douglas proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to slavery in return for building the railroad in the North. Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty Sectionalism continues to further deep the divide between the North and South Sectionalism continues to further deep the divide between the North and South Kan. & Neb Act

14. Bleeding Kan After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the Kansas territory became a battleground. Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to settle in Kansas. The territory was torn by battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly divided the nation and led to the formation of the Republican Party. The first shots of the Civil War were in Bleeding Kansas.

16. Map Bleeding Kan Attacks by free-states Attacks by pro-slavery states (Led by John Brown) Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of violence between pro- slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers. Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of violence between pro- slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers. First violent outbreaks between north/south. First violent outbreaks between north/south. First battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in 1856. First battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in 1856. Over 200 killed Over 200 killed

17. Preston Brooks beating Charles Sumner on the floor of the US Senate 1856

18. Violent abolitionist Involved in the Bleeding Kansas (in Pottawattamie) Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South. Picture/J.Brown

19. John Brown He was a staunch abolitionist! Pottawattamie Creek, Kansas Massacre 1856

20. Raid at Harper’s Ferry Virginia 1859 He seized the federal armory. Seven injured and others injured. He wanted to arm slaves and attack the southern slave owners. The plan failed, he was captured tried, convicted and hung. This attack captured the nation attention. He is considered a catalyst for the Civil War.

21. Tragic Prelude by John Steuart Curry

22. Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states. His master died and his widow inherited Scott---Missouri still recognized him as a slave. Scott sued his master ’ s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free states for a period of time. Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue Can a slave sue for his freedom? Is a slave property? Is slavery legal? Picture/Dred Scott

23. Chart/Effect of Scott Supreme Court hands down the Dred Scott decision North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law Free states pass personal liberty laws. Republicans claim the decision is not binding Southerners call on the North to accept the decision if the South is to remain in the Union. Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are chattel/property. They are not citizens and have no legal right under the Constitution. Supreme Court legalized slavery by saying that… Congress could not stop a slave- owner from moving his slaves to a new territory Missouri Compromise and all other compromises were therefore unconstitutional

24. Reading/Scott decision “ They had (slaves) for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. This opinion was at that time fixed and universal in the civilized portion of the white race. ” 1857 Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in the case of Dred Scott referred to the status of slaves when the Constitution was adopted.

25. "... We think they [people of African ancestry] are... not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States...." — Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, speaking for the majority Supreme Court Decision 1857 https://youtu.be/QR-VTrPcMDghttps://youtu.be/QR-VTrPcMDg 6:09

26. Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois. The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the Presidency in 1860. Slavery was the issue Lincoln stated:Lincoln stated: “A House Divided against itself cannot stand…either we become one or the other...” was against the expansion of slavery Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by the people. Popular sovereignty Chart/L&D Debates

28. House Divided Speech 1858-Lincoln In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed. "A house divided against itself cannot stand.” I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free.I do not expect the Union to be dissolved -- I do not expect the house to fall -- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery, will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new -- North as well as South.

29. Election of 1860  Country is polarized (divided) over the issue of slavery.  Once Lincoln is elected as president, South Carolina will secede from the U.S. along with several other Southern States.  They will form the Confederate States of America---CSA 303 total electoral votes and 152 to win.

30. South Carolina secedes…the Civil War begins South Carolina on December 20, 1860 Mississippi on January 9th, 1861 Florida on January 10th, 1861 Alabama on January 11th, 1861 Georgia on Janaury 19th, 1861 Louisiana on January 26th, 1861 Texas on February 1st, 1861 Virginia on April 17th, 1861 Arkansas on May 6th, 1861 North Carolina on May 20th, 1861 Tennessee on June 8th, 1861

31. Secession

32. The Union collapses Confederate States formed Feb. 4, 1861 before Lincoln takes office. Southern whites agreed they had to defend their way of life-”pursuit of happiness” they would fight to preserve slavery. South Carolina and six other states secede by the time Lincoln takes office. Lincoln took office in March 4, 1861.

34. Why did political compromise fail? John Brown’s Raid-arm slaves to fight for their freedom. The ability to come up with a compromise that settled the issue of slavery. Discuss the political failures-Missouri Compromise 1820, Dred Scott Decision, Fugitive Slave Law, Compromise of 1850