1. Chapter 18 Female Reproductive System
Functions of the Female
Reproductive System
Mature an egg
Provide a place for baby to develop
Produce the female hormones estrogen and progesterone

2. Physical Changes Female
growth spurt occurs
permanent teeth are in
acne
breasts develop
body hair develops
waistline narrows
hips widen
perspiration increases
menstruation begins

3. Hormones
Estrogen
Responsible for the release of the egg and secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone
Needed to support pregnancy

4. Female Reproductive System
Fimbriated Ends
Fallopian Tube
Ovary
Uterus
Bladder
Punic Bone
Rectum
Cervix
Urethra
Vagina
Anus
Labia Minora
Labia Majora

5. External Structures Outer folds of skin
Vulva
Includes the following 3 parts
Outer folds of skin
Outer surface covered with pubic hair

6. External Structures Labia Majora
Two outer larger folds of skin, covered with pubic hair
Labia Minora
Located between the two folds of the labia majora
Contains many nerve endings

7. Female Reproductive System
Labia Minora
Labia Majora

8. Internal Structures Ovary (2 – ovaries) Born with all eggs (ovum)
(200, ,000)
Produces hormones estrogen & progesterone
Release mature eggs
Ovary

9. Internal Structures Fallopian tube Pathway for egg ( 5 ½ inches long)
Lined with cilia to move egg along
Fertilization occurs here

10. Internal Structures Fimbriated Ends
Fringe-like projections used to draw egg into fallopian tube

11. Internal Structures Uterus
Hollow, muscular, pear shaped organ (about the size of fist)
Baby develops here before birth
Uterus

12. Internal Structures Endometrium Lining of uterus
Shed during menstruation
Egg attaches for pregnancy
Endometrium

13. Internal Structures Cont’
Cervix
Neck/opening of the uterus
Sperm enter through here
2 cm wide but dilates during the birthing process to 10 cm
Cervix

14. Internal Structures Vagina “Birth Canal” About 3-4 inches in length
Soft and flexible tissue
2 functions
Receive sperm during intercourse
Passageway for baby during childbirth
Vagina

15. Internal Structures Urethra Opening that urine flows out of
Covered by Labia
Bladder
Urethra

16. Female Reproductive System
Fimbriated Ends
Fallopian Tube
Ovary
Uterus
Bladder
Punic Bone
Rectum
Cervix
Urethra
Vagina
Anus
Labia Minora
Labia Majora

17. Female Reproductive System
Fallopian Tube
Egg
Ovary
Uterus
Fimbriated Ends
Cervix
Endometrium
Vagina

18. What is Ovulation? Release of an egg 2 things may happen Fertilization
Menstruation

19. Fertilization The process of a sperm cell joining with an egg.
Occurs in the fallopian tube.

20. Menstruation
Muscles contract to cause breakdown of the uterine lining called the endometrium
Blood and tissues leave through the vagina
Lasts 3-5 days

21. Menstrual Cycle Cycle begins between ages 10-14
Teenage cycles will be irregular
Factors such as diet, stress, exercise, and weight gain or loss also affect the menstrual cycle.
Average length 28 days
Counted by 1st day of menstrual period until the 1st day of the next period

22. Understanding the Cycle
Day 1-Day 4: menstruation
Day 5 – 13: Lining thickens/Egg matures
Day 14-15: Ovulation occurs
Day 16-22: Lining thickens/Egg travels through fallopian tube
Day 23-28: Pregnancy or Menstrual cycle begins again

23. Egg
Maturing Egg