1. Analogies

2. Definition Analogies involve pairs of related words. In many analogy questions, you are given two words and are asked to find another pair of words that are related in the same way. Analogies involve pairs of related words. In many analogy questions, you are given two words and are asked to find another pair of words that are related in the same way.

3. Example Here is a typical question: Here is a typical question: (The analogy can be expressed this way: “A microscope is to germs as a ___ is to ___.”) MICROSCOPE : GERMS :: MICROSCOPE : GERMS :: (A) doctor : illness (A) doctor : illness (B) shot : serum (B) shot : serum (C) patient : nurse (C) patient : nurse (D) vision : glasses (D) vision : glasses (E) telescope : stars (E) telescope : stars

4. Strategies Determine the relationship expressed by the original pair of words. State that relationship in a sentence: Determine the relationship expressed by the original pair of words. State that relationship in a sentence: “A microscope is an apparatus used to view and study germs.” “A microscope is an apparatus used to view and study germs.” Decide which other pair of words expresses a similar relationship. Test your choice by substituting those words in your sentence: Decide which other pair of words expresses a similar relationship. Test your choice by substituting those words in your sentence: “A telescope is an apparatus used to view and study stars.” “A telescope is an apparatus used to view and study stars.”

5. Relationships Used in Analogies cause to effect cause to effect virus : disease :: carelessness : error virus : disease :: carelessness : error

6. Relationships Used in Analogies part to whole part to whole finger : hand :: spoke : wheel finger : hand :: spoke : wheel

7. Relationships Used in Analogies object to purpose object to purpose car : transportation :: lamp : illumination car : transportation :: lamp : illumination

8. Relationships Used in Analogies action to object action to object dribble : basketball :: push : wheelbarrow dribble : basketball :: push : wheelbarrow

9. Relationships Used in Analogies item to category item to category giraffe : mammal :: grasshopper : insect giraffe : mammal :: grasshopper : insect

10. Relationships Used in Analogies item to characteristics item to characteristics owl : nocturnal :: lion : carnivorous owl : nocturnal :: lion : carnivorous

11. Relationships Used in Analogies word to synonym word to synonym accumulate : increase :: squander : decrease accumulate : increase :: squander : decrease

12. Relationships Used in Analogies word to antonym word to antonym cold : hot :: arctic : tropical cold : hot :: arctic : tropical

13. Relationships Used in Analogies worker to creation worker to creation composer : symphony :: author : novel composer : symphony :: author : novel

14. Relationships Used in Analogies time sequences time sequences infant : child :: adolescent : adult infant : child :: adolescent : adult

15. Relationships Used in Analogies spatial sequences spatial sequences ceiling : floor :: sky : ground ceiling : floor :: sky : ground

16. Relationships Used in Analogies word to grammatical variant word to grammatical variant go : went :: lose : lost go : went :: lose : lost

17. Try some! 1. JUICE : ORANGE :: 1. JUICE : ORANGE :: (A) beef : meat (A) beef : meat (B) apple : core (B) apple : core (C) pie : bakery (C) pie : bakery (D) clouds : rain (D) clouds : rain (E) milk : cow (E) milk : cow 2. TRIGGER : GUN :: 2. TRIGGER : GUN :: (A) ignition : car (A) ignition : car (B) crossbow : arrow (B) crossbow : arrow (C) rifle : bullet (C) rifle : bullet (D) bullet : dock (D) bullet : dock (E) umbrella : handle (E) umbrella : handle 3. CORRAL : ENCLOSURE :: (A) grass : lawn (B) saddle : horse (C) food : cook (D) boat : dock (E) box : container 4. ACIDITY : LEMON :: (A) air : atmosphere (B) element : fire (C) water : evaporation (D) salinity : ocean (E) sediment : mud

18. Try some more! 5. MILLION : QUANTITY :: 5. MILLION : QUANTITY :: (A) conservation : wilderness (A) conservation : wilderness (B) teacher : desk (B) teacher : desk (C) anger : emotion (C) anger : emotion (D) fish : net (D) fish : net (E) ten : hundred (E) ten : hundred 6. AUTHOR : MANUSCRIPT:: 6. AUTHOR : MANUSCRIPT:: (A) book : pages (A) book : pages (B) writing : stories (B) writing : stories (C) anger : stage (C) anger : stage (D) sculptor : clay (D) sculptor : clay (E) artist : painting (E) artist : painting 7. WOOD : BENCH :: (A) cloth : suit (B) thread : button (C) lock : door (D) paper : clip (E) glass : reflection 8. STUBBORN : YIELD :: (A) strong : bully (B) withdrawn : socialize (C) eager : begin (D) hungry : cook (E) angry : fight

19. …and some more! 9. IMPOSE : EXPOSE :: 9. IMPOSE : EXPOSE :: (A) depress : express (A) depress : express (B) impress : depress (B) impress : depress (C) impress : express (C) impress : express (D) invade : escape (D) invade : escape (E) expel : impel (E) expel : impel 10. NEGLECTED : SQUALID :: 10. NEGLECTED : SQUALID :: (A) tidiness : tidy (A) tidiness : tidy (B) clean : dirty (B) clean : dirty (C) careful : forgetful (C) careful : forgetful (D) sloppy : sloping (D) sloppy : sloping (E) neat : spotless (E) neat : spotless 11. MILITANT : AGGRESSIVE :: (A) nonviolent : peaceful (B) lazy : active (C) warlike : victorious (D) selfish : generous (E) military : civilian 12.SCISSORS : CUT :: (A) measure : ruler (B) hammer : pound (C) water : drink (D) write : computer (E) nail : hammer

20. …and some more! 13. INTERMITTENTLY : CONTINUOUSLY :: 13. INTERMITTENTLY : CONTINUOUSLY :: (A) legally : legitimately (A) legally : legitimately (B) occasionally : always (B) occasionally : always (C) infrequently : seldom (C) infrequently : seldom (D) always : constantly (D) always : constantly (E) usually : generally (E) usually : generally 14. OVERWORK : STRESS :: 14. OVERWORK : STRESS :: (A) relaxation : anxiety (A) relaxation : anxiety (B) gardening : lawn (B) gardening : lawn (C) starvation : hunger (C) starvation : hunger (D) sport : leisure (D) sport : leisure (E) dreaming : sleep (E) dreaming : sleep

21. …and some more! 15. RECALL : PAST :: 15. RECALL : PAST :: (A) anticipate : prediction (A) anticipate : prediction (B) forget : reminder (B) forget : reminder (C) foretell : future (C) foretell : future (D) foresee : hindsight (D) foresee : hindsight (E) guess : luck (E) guess : luck 16. AGENT : ACTOR :: 16. AGENT : ACTOR :: (A) proprietor : property (A) proprietor : property (B) lawyer : client (B) lawyer : client (C) banker : investment (C) banker : investment (D) employee : employer (D) employee : employer (E) dentist : doctor (E) dentist : doctor 17. GENERATE : ELECTRICITY :: (A) mine : gold (B) conduct : orchestra (C) invent : patent (D) radiate : light (E) heat : fire 18. EXISTENCE : EXIST :: (A)assume : assumption (B) recreation : swim (C) painting : create (D) transportation : travel (E) domination : dominate

22. …and some more!