1. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1 Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems

2. © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2 Tyre tread 1 Normal Transition Aquaplane Sipes Grooves Blocks Ribs Dimples Shoulder

3. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3 Tyre tread 2 Not less than 1.6 mm Central ¾ of the tread

4. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 4 Road wheels Tyre width Retaining hump Flange Well Mounting face Offset Flange Stud holes Wheel rim diameter

5. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 5 Tyre construction Tube tyreTubeless tyre TubeInner liner Tube valveRim valve Cross ply Belt or brace Radial plies

6. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 6 Tyre markings 1 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

7. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 7 Tyre markings 2 Information givenTypical example 1Type of tyre constructionRadial ply 2Load index104 3Speed symbolS or T 4USA quality gradingTread wear 160 Traction A Temperature B 5Tread wear indicates into tread patternTWI or E6610356 6Tread patternM+S (mud and snow) 7Reinforcing markReinforced 8USA load and pressure specification900 Kg (1946 LBS) at 340 KA (50 PSI) 9Tyre size235/70 R16 10Tyre typeTubeless 11Country of manufactureGreat Britian 12USA compliance symbolDOT AB7C D OFF 267 13European tyre approvalE 11 01234 14Tyre constructionSide wall 2 plies Rayon. Tread 2 Rayon, 2 Steel 15Manufacturer’s brand nameTraction ply XYZ 16Direction of rotationArrow shows forward rotational direction of tyre of correct fitment

8. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 8 Tyre markings 3 Load index Load Kg Load index Load Kg Load index Load Kg 652907741289580 673077943791615 693258146293650 713458348795690 733658551597730 753878754599775

9. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 9 Tyre markings 4 Speed rating Speed symbol MPHKPHSpeed symbol MPHKPH M81130H210 P93V150 Q99160W169270 R170Y187 S112180ZR240+ T118

10. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 10 Screw drum to hub Brake drum Primary (leading) brake shoe Tension spring Shoe retainer spring and washer Fixed abutment Secondary (trailing) brake shoe Handbrake lever Backplate Shoe retainer pin Access grommet Backplate mounting bolt Wheel cylinder circlip Wheel cylinder gasket Wheel cylinder Auto-adjust mechanism Cross lever Cross lever spring Drum brakes 1

11. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 11 Direction of wheel rotation Pressure applied Trailing shoe Return springs Leading shoe Self-servo action Wheel cylinder Drum brakes 2 Direction of rotation Backplate

12. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 12 Back plate Brake pad wear sensor Brake pads Caliper Caliper piston and seal kit Bleed screw Brake disc Disc brakes 3

13. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 13 Steering rack Steering wheel Steering rack Steering shaft Collapsible on impact Pinion gear Steering column Steering wheel Steering column Universal joint Track rod ends Pinion Pinion housing Rubber gaiters Ball joints Track rodsSteering rack

14. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 14 Steering boxes 1 Adjust screw Side cover Worm Rocker arm Drop arm Steering box casing Ball nut Rocker shaft Worm Roller Backlash and rocker shaft adjustment Rocker shaft Roller bearing shaft Roller Worm Recirculating ballWorm and roller

15. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 15 Steering boxes 2 Steering box casing Cam Peg Side cover Adjusting screw Rocker shaft Steering linkageWorm and peg Idler arm and support assembly Spindle Centre link Track-rod assembly Steering arm Pitman arm

16. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 16 Springs 1 Bump stop “U” bolt Retaining bolt Leaf Spring eye Swinging shackle Bush Constant rate coil spring

17. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 17 Springs 2 Opposing torsion Torsion Secured end of torsion bar Torsion bar spring Anti roll bar

18. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 18 Dampers 1 Piston rod Multi lip seal Rod guide Rebound stop Piston valve Bearing ring Hydraulic oil Base valve Upper mounting Compression stop Piston rod Integrated seal Valve Floating piston Hydraulic oil Gas chamber StrutTelescopic

19. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 19 Dampers 2 Without shock absorber With shock absorber Time Amplitude

20. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 20 Independent and non-independent suspension Independent Non-independent

21. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 21 Suspension components 1 Spring Rubber bush Drive shaft Shock absorber piston rod Wishbone Bottom ball joint Front wheel drive Opposing torsion Torsion Secured end of torsion bar Torsion bar spring Anti roll bar Spring

22. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 22 Suspension components 2 Chassis mounting Dampers Semi-trailing arm Subframe Semi torque tube Drive shaft and gaiter

23. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 23 Suspension components 3 Trapezoidal links Subframe Strut Tiebar Trailing arm Front mounting Spring Damper Panhard rod

24. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 24 Toe setting and Ackermann principle 1 Forces acting on wheels Forward motion of vehicle Forces acting on wheels Forward motion of vehicle Vehicle track

25. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 25 Toe setting and Ackermann principle 2 True rolling in straight ahead position True rolling on cornering

26. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 26 Steering geometry 1 Positive camber Vertical Negative camber Swivel axis True vertical X = camber angleKPI/SAI angle

27. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 27 Steering geometry 2 Forward True vertical Caster angle Steering angle Included angle Wheel centre line Swivel axis Scrub radius

28. Chapter 6 Light vehicle chassis systems © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 28 Steering geometry 3 X Swivel axis Wheel centre line Intersection X Swivel axis Wheel centre line