1. Unit 2 – Matter Essential Questions What is matter? What is an element? What forms can matter take? What are some common characteristics of matter? How can matter change?

2. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 1 – Structure of Matter: Vocabulary matter atom electronprotonneutron nucleus

3. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 2 – Elements: Vocabulary element atomic number atomic mass

4. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 2 – Elements An element cannot be broken down into simpler materials by ordinary means. Currently, 119 elements are known, and 90 of them occur naturally on earth.

5. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 2 – Elements (cont.) The atomic number tells you the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element. An element’s atomic mass tells you how heavy its atoms are compared with atoms of other elements. An atom’s mass number is the sum of its protons and neutrons.

6. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 3 – Compounds and Mixtures: Vocabulary compound mixture

7. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 3 – Compounds and Mixtures A compound is a pure substance whose smallest unit is made up of atoms of more than one element. When two or more substances come together, but don’t combine to make a new, pure substance, a mixture results.

8. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 3 – Compounds and Mixtures (cont.) Unlike compounds, the proportions in a mixture can change. Mixtures can be uniform and non-uniform. Uniform means the same throughout. In a non- uniform mixture you can see the parts.

9. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 3 – Compounds and Mixtures: Mystery Mix Lab – Day 1 Step 1) Question: Can I identify which compounds are present in a mystery mixture? Step 2) Research: Use the compounds and reagents provided by the teacher. Step 3) Hypothesis:

10. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 3 – Compounds and Mixtures: Mystery Mix Lab – Day 1 (cont.) Step 4) Procedures: – a) In a pie tin, place a sample of corn starch, sugar, baking soda, and mystery mix [RECORD WHICH MIX YOU HAVE]. – b) Add three drops of vinegar to each, one at a time, and record the results. – c) Clean out pan, then repeat with iodine, and record results. –d) Clean out pan, then repeat by heating each in a test tube one at a time, and record results.

11. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 3 – Compounds and Mixtures: Mystery Mix Lab – Day 2 (cont.) Step 5) Perform: Do it! Step 6) Data Table: {NEXT SLIDE} (Day 1) Step 7) Interpret Data: Explain data table in sentences. Step 8) Conclusion: – Explain what the mystery mix is. – Refer to your hypothesis.

12. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 3 – C & M: ? Mix Lab– Data Table To be testedVinegar fizzes Iodine turns blue Compound melts Cornstarch Sugar Baking soda Mystery Mix

13. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 4 – Physical and Chemical Properties: Vocabulary physical property chemical property

14. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 4 – Physical and Chemical Properties Scientists use the term physical properties to describe characteristics you can observe without changing the makeup of the material. Color, shape, smell, taste, and texture are all examples of physical properties. The state of matter is a physical property that tells you whether a sample of matter is a solid a liquid, or a gas.

15. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 4 – Physical and Chemical Properties (cont.) Acids and bases have physical properties that make acids taste sour and bases taste bitter and feel slippery. Density, an important physical property, relates the mass of something to how much space it takes up. Density = mass / volume [D=m/v]

16. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 4 – Physical and Chemical Properties (cont.) A chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that allows it to change to a new substance. The chemical properties of acids and bases make them useful and sometimes harmful. Many acids react with certain metals. A strong base can damage living tissue. The pH scale was designed to test how acidic or basic a solution is. [0-6: acid, 7: neutral, 8-14: base]

17. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 4 – Physical and Chemical Properties : Acid / Base Lab – Day 1 Step 1) Question: Which solution is the most acidic and basic? Step 2) Research: Use the test strips and six of the solutions provided by the teacher. Step 3) Hypothesis:

18. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 4 – Physical and Chemical Properties : Acid / Base Lab – Day 1 (cont.) Step 4) Procedures: – a) Select which six solutions you will test, then get a plastic cup and test paper. – b) Pour or dissolve a small amount of each solution, one at a time, into the cup and test with the paper. – c) Record results on the data table.

19. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 4 – Physical and Chemical Properties : Acid / Base Lab – Day 1 (cont.) Step 5) Perform: Do it! (Day 2) Step 6) Data Table: Solution to Be Tested pH Acid, Base or Neutral

20. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 4 – Physical and Chemical Properties : Acid / Base Lab – Day 2 Step 7) Interpret Data: Explain data table in sentences. Step 8) Conclusion: – Explain how your results compared to the class results. – Refer to your hypothesis.

21. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 5 – Physical and Chemical Changes: Vocabulary physical changes chemical changes

22. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 5 – Physical and Chemical Changes A physical change is any change in size, shape, or form. The makeup of matter stays the same, only the physical properties change. Changes of state and weathering are two examples of a physical change.

23. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 5 – Physical and Chemical Changes (cont.) A chemical change occurs when one or more substances change into a new substance. Many chemical changes involve the release of energy. Rust and burning are two examples of a chemical change.

24. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 5 – Physical and Chemical Changes : Chemical Change Lab – Day 1 Step 1) Question: Can I see evidence of a chemical change? Step 2) Research: Use the chemicals and other materials provided by the teacher. Step 3) Hypothesis:

25. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 5 – Physical and Chemical Changes : Chemical Change Lab – Day 1 (cont.) Step 4) Procedures: – a) Add 20ml of warm water and 5 ml of phenol red to the plastic bag. Seal the bag and gently slosh the solution. Record your observations. – b) Now, add a teaspoon of calcium chloride to the plastic bag. Seal the bag and gently slosh the solution. Record your observations. – c) Now, add a teaspoon of baking soda to the plastic bag. Seal the bag and gently slosh the solution. Record your observations.

26. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 5 – Physical and Chemical Changes : Chemical Change Lab – Day 1 (cont.) Step 5) Perform: Do it! (Day 2) Step 6) Data Table: SolutionsObservations Chemical Reaction Phenol red Calcium chloride Baking soda

27. Unit 2 – Matter Lesson 5 – Physical and Chemical Changes : Chemical Change Lab – Day 2 Step 7) Interpret Data: Explain data table in sentences. Step 8) Conclusion: – Explain the evidence, if any, of the chemical changes you observed. – Refer to your hypothesis.