1. MEDIEVAL SOCIETY: CASTLE, CHURCH AND CITY
REVISION
MEDIEVAL SOCIETY: CASTLE, CHURCH AND CITY

2. WHAT WERE THE MIDDLE AGES
ANCIENT
ROME
MIDDLE
AGES
THE
RENAISSANCE
HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE MIDDLE AGES?
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE – ruins of castles, excavations in towns.
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE – the Bayeux Tapestry, which is an account of the Norman invasion of England and the Domesday Book, which lists land ownership in England after the invasion of the Normans.

3. FIEF – the land which was handed over by the king or lord
The NORMANS came from Normandy in France. They conquered Britain in they invaded Ireland 100 years later.
They introduced the feudal system (feudalism) for land ownership where the king owned all land and it passed down as in the diagram.
FEUDAL SYSTEM
KING
BARONS & BISHOPS
KNIGHTS
PEASANTS
FIEF – the land which was handed over by the king or lord
VASSAL – the lord or knight who received the land and promised to be faithful

4. MEDIEVAL CASTLES MOTTE & BAILEY CASTLES
The first castles were motte and bailey.
A motte was a mound of earth on which a timber fence and a keep were built.
A bailey was a courtyard attached to the motte.
How did these features help
in the defence of a castle?

5. MEDIEVAL CASTLES STONE CASTLES
These replaced the motte & Bailey because they were stronger.
The castle’s defensive features included a curtain wall, moat, battlements, towers (turrets), drawbridge, portcullis, outer bailey, inner bailey, keep, workshops and stables.
Those who wished to attack stone castles used scaling ladders, throwing rocks, siege towers, archers and battering ram.

7. CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC

8. WHY DID THE RENAISSANCE HAPPEN IN ITALY?
FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE & PEOPLE MOVING TO ROME
RUINS OF ANCIENT ROME AS INSPIRATION
CITY STATES COMPETED WITH EACH OTHER FOR GREATNESS
INVENTION OF THE PRINTING PRESS SPREAD IDEAS
WEALTH & PATRONAGE

9. CHANGES IN ART & ARCHITECTURE
Perspective (depth)
Renaissance-style clothes
Realistic people
Variety of colours
Religious and nature themes
Paints with oils, variety of colours and shading
People were more realistic and lifelike
Roman style architecture
HUMANISM – A revived interest in the work of ancient Greece and Rome
FRESCO – Painting done on damp plaster so the painting becomes part of the plaster
SFUMATO – Technique invented by Da Vinci to blur outlines of figures and blend into surroundings

10. RESULTS OF THE RENAISSANCE
PRINTING PRESS INCREASED EDUCATION & LITERACY
QUESTIONING SPIRIT
DEVELOPMENTS IN PAINTING, SCULPTURE & ARCHITECTURE
NEW KNOWLEDGE
LED TO AGE OF EXPLORATION AND REFORMATION