1. GLACIAL LANDFORMS SHAPE MOUNTAINS Surface features subglacial erosional depositional

3. 1) Glacier travel: Surface features Crevasses: –V-shaped structures found in the uppermost layer of the glacier. WHY? –brittle deformation –Rarely > 20 m deep

4. Accumulation area is often heavily crevassed New Zealand Direction of flow

5. Bergschrund: crevasse that separates flowing ice from stagnant ice at the head of a glacier Glacier on Shorong Yul-lha, Nepal

6. Icefall: steep, cracked and jumbled ice flows over a drop-off - fast moving!!!! Khumbu Ice fall, Everest

7. Ogives : alternate bands of light and dark ice on a glacier

8. Glacier des Bossons, French Alps photo: MH Séracs: Ice towers Formed by intersecting crevasses, rapid flow steep slopes

9. Penitentes: spiky columns of snow; formed in dry environments Nev. Coropuna, Peruvian Andes

10. Moulins water Melt stream: Glacier can have streams on their surface!! Very slushy and slippery!!

11. SUB-GLACIAL STREAMS

12. ICE CAVE AT BOTTOM OF GLACIER Pastoruri, Peru

13. EROSIONAL LANDFORMS OVERVIEW

14. CIRQUE a semicircular or amphitheater -shaped bedrock feature created as glaciers scour back into the mountain. This is where the snow and ice forming the glacier first accumulates.

15. HANGING GLACIER Occur in tributary glaciers, cause spectacular waterfalls

16. ARÊTE steep-sided, sharp-edged bedrock ridge formed by two glaciers eroding away on opposite sides of the ridge

17. a pyramid-shaped mountain peak created by glaciers eroding away at different sides of the same mountain. HORN

18. COL a low spot or pass along a cirque or an arete.

19. GLACIAL POLISH Result of abrasion by sand at bottom of glacier

20. STRIATIONS result of individual particles embedded in the glacier scratching the underlying bedrock. lines indicate the orientation of glacial flow.

21. NUNATAK Peak surrounded by glaciers but not itself glaciated

22. TARN a glacial lake produced by scouring often found in cirques.

23. U-shaped valleys a glacially eroded valley large, flat valley bottom

24. ROCHE MOUTONNÉE sheepback, or sheep rock large rock knob that resembles a grazing sheep

25. DEPOSITION LANDFORMS

26. an accumulation of unconsolidated material deposited by glaciers unsorted material (different sizes of particles) particles deposited in moraines material has angular edges. Moraines

27. deposited at the snout end of a glacier marks the furthest advance of a glacier caused as a glacier retreats TERMINAL OR END MORAINE End morraine

28. unconsolidated material deposited along the sides of an alpine glacier. LATERAL MORAINE Lateral morraine

29. MEDIAL MORAINE When two alpine glaciers flow together, their lateral moraines join, forming a medial moraine

30. MORAINES: OVERVIEW Medial Moraine

31. ERRATICS Large boulders left by glaciers in areas where they obviously don’t belong. Can be 10’s to 100’s of kilometers form point of origin

32. GLACIER LANDFORMS OVERVIEW