1. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 Local Presidents Questions Elementary/Middle Divisions #1-12

2. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (4 points) I was a driving force behind the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and presented the first version of the Bill of Rights to Congress. I am sometimes referred to as the “Father of the Constitution.” (6 points) Together with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, I wrote The Federalist Papers. These 85 essays were printed in two New York newspapers as a way to get the state of New York to approve the Constitution. One of the most famous of these papers is #51. It contains this quote, “If men were angels, no government would be necessary...” (2 points) I said, “Wherever the real power in a Government lies, there is the danger of oppression.” I married Dolley Payne Todd. She was one of the most well-loved first ladies and known as a terrific hostess. #1

3. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) I never held any political or public position before becoming president. I am a direct descendant of the pilgrim William Brewster who arrived on the Mayflower. (2 points) I got my nickname “Old Rough and Ready” fighting in the Seminole War. I won the Battle of Buena Vista from a larger force of Mexicans under General Antonio Lopez De Santa Anna. (4 points) I was a second cousin of former president James Madison. I was in the military most of my adult life. My only bad habit was chewing tobacco. I was not a Democrat. #2

4. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) I defended Captain Preston after the shooting of three citizens who were part of a mob. Although a patriot, I believed the British soldiers involved were innocent, and that more blame need be placed at the doorsteps of the “victims.” I successfully defended Captain Preston and won the acquittal of six of the eight soldiers. (4 points) I played a huge part in both the Declaration of Independence and the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War. I also helped draft the consti- tution of my native state in the North. After becoming president, I said, “No man who ever held the office of president would congratulate a friend on obtaining it.” (2 points) I was the first president to live in what is now called the White House. I described the vice-president’s job as “the most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived.” #3

5. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) Texas asked to be admitted to the union after gaining independence. It was a slave state, and I feared that its addition would upset the sectional balance of the country. With my support, the Northern opponents in Congress were able to block its admission. (4 points) I was the first president born under the American flag. I am also the only president who spoke English as a second language. I spoke Dutch at home with my wife Hannah. I was a member of the same party as the man who preceded me as president. (2 points) An economic depression began during my time in office. Over 900 banks had to be closed, and many people lost their jobs and their life savings. This was one of the main reasons I didn’t get reelected. I said, “As to the presidency, the two happiest days of my life were those of my entrance upon the office and my surrender of it.” #4

6. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) In addition to being a lawyer, politician, and judge, I was a landowner and a merchant. In 1804, I acquired a plantation called the Hermitage. I grew cotton, cultivated by a number of slaves, and soon became a member of the planting elite. (2 points) My nickname was “Old Hickory,” and I became famous after my forces defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans. (4 points) A man named Charles Dickinson called me “a worthless scoundrel” and “a coward” in a local newspaper in 1806. I challenged him to a duel. At the command, Dickinson fired and hit me in the chest. The bullet missed my heart by barely more than an inch. In spite of the serious wound, I stood my ground, raised my pistol, and fired a shot that struck my foe dead. I would carry around the bullet in my chest for the rest of my life. #5

7. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) I started school when I was six years old, but I left school at 15 to become a surveyor because my mother couldn’t afford to send me to college. Five states were added to the country during my presidency. I said, “It is better to be alone than in bad company.” (2 points) I won all the electoral votes of all eligible states. Three states, however, did not contribute to the vote total because they had not ratified the Constitution. (4 points) I was the only president to be inaugurated in two cities. I was short on cash and had to borrow money in order to move from my home to our nation’s first capital. I stated, “The Constitution is the guide which I never will abandon.” #6

8. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) Three different presidents appointed me Governor of the Indiana Territory. I also served as the Secretary of the Northwest Territory and its first delegate to Congress. I served as Minister to Colombia for John Quincy Adams. (4 points) My party used creative campaign techniques and changed my image to fit what the public wanted. For example, I was known as the “Log Cabin Candidate” even though I was not born in a log cabin. My campaign was the first to have public rallies and slogans. (2 points) I referred to myself as a “Child of the Revolution” because I was the last president born before the Declaration of Independence. I had the shortest term of any president. #7

9. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) After my retirement, I sold my library of 6,500 volumes to the Library of Congress after it was trashed by the British. I needed the cash to pay off my debts. I said, “I cannot live without books.” (4 points) I designed my own house which I named Monticello, which means “little mountain” in Italian. I said that, “Architecture is my delight, and putting up and pulling down, one of my favorite amusements.” (2 points) I said, “When the government fears the people, there is liberty. When the people fear the government, there is tyranny.” I died on July 4 on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence - a document that I helped write. #8

10. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) I was a distinguished soldier during the American Revolution and was injured as I led a charge against British artillery. I was a member of the Virginia Assembly, delegate to the Continental Congress, Foreign Minister to France, Governor of Virginia, and Secretary of State. I said, “National honor is the national property of the highest value.” (4 points) I helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase, worked on maintaining neutrality between the British and French, and helped the citizens of Washington D.C. prepare for the British invasion during the War of 1812. (2 points) My presidency was known as the “Era of Good Feelings.” My popu- larity was at its peak, and only New Hampshire governor William Plumer voted against me. Some sources say that was a courtesy to George Washington, who remains the only president elected unanimously. #9

11. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (4 points) My nickname when I ran for Congress the first time was “Napoleon of the Stump.” I served 14 years as a mem- ber of the United States Congress. My election changed the party in control of the White House. (6 points) I had my gallstones removed when I was 14. My parents raised me to believe in the Jefferson democracy form of government. I graduated second in my class from the University of North Carolina and went on to become a lawyer. (2 points) My campaign slogan when I ran for president was “Fifty-Four Forty or Fight.” I said, “With me, it is exception- ally true that the presidency is no bed of roses.” Because of health problems, I chose not to run for reelection. #10

12. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) When I was 11, I traveled to Paris with my father. By the time I was 14, I began serving as secretary and translator for Francis Dana, the American dele- gate to St. Petersburg, Russia. Later, I was minister to Russia where I witnessed Napoleon’s failed attempts to invade that country. (4 points) I was the second president chosen by the House of Representatives because no candidate had 50% of the vote. My Democratic opponent won the popular vote, but I won the presidency. I said, “If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.” (2 points) My nickname after the presidency was “Old Man Eloquent” due to my extraordinary speeches against slavery while serving in the House of Represen- tatives. #11

13. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) I pushed hard for the annexation of Texas, and, as my term was expiring, the Senate finally approved a joint resolution in favor of annexation by a slim 27-25 margin. I signed the Texas statehood bill into law a mere three days before the end of my term. (4 points) I would return mail unopened if it was addressed to “Acting President.” I am the only president buried under the flag of another nation – the Confederate flag was draped on my coffin. (2 points) My first wife, Letitia, died of a stroke at the age of 51. I remarried Julia Gardiner who was 30 years younger than me. My daughters rejected their new step- mother. They were among my 14 children. #12

14. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 END OF ROUND

15. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) Some of my favorite dishes were cream of peanut soup, mashed sweet potatoes with coconut, and string beans with mushrooms. After I retired from the presidency, I built a whiskey distillery, which was one of the largest in the United States at the time. My philosophy was, “It is better to offer no excuse than a bad one.” (4 points) My Secretary of War was Henry Knox (left) and my Attorney General was Edmund Randolph (right). While I was president, I signed the first copyright law. Copies of this law were reprinted with my signature in newspapers throughout the country. I stated, “If freedom of speech is taken away, then dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep to the slaughter.” (2 points) In my Farewell Address, I warned the nation against the bad effects of political parties, and I encouraged a focus on education and morality, cautioned against sectionalism within the nation, and advised against entangling foreign alliances. #13

16. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 (6 points) I personally witnessed the Battle of Bunker Hill with my mother. I once wrote, “The highest glory of the American Revolution was this: it connected in one indissoluble bond the principles of civil government with the princi- ples of Christianity.” I moved to Europe at the age of 10 and was educated in Paris and Amsterdam. (4 points) I was made a diplomat to the Netherlands. I served as a minister to a number of European countries. (2 points) I married Louisa Catherine Johnson in a church inside the Tower of London. Sadly, our marriage was marked by unhappiness. #14

17. 2015-16 AGLOA Local Presidents El/Mid # 1-12 1-12 Answers 1.#4 James Madison 2.#12 Zachary Taylor 3.#2 John Adams 4.#8 Martin Van Buren 5.#7 Andrew Jackson 6.#1 George Washington 7.#9 William Henry Harrison 8.#3 Thomas Jefferson 9.#5 James Monroe 10.#10 James K. Polk 11.#6 John Quincy Adams 12.#11 John Tyler 13.#1 George Washington 14.#6 John Quincy Adams