1. Caching: An Optimization Aspect

2. Class Diagram for Base Item +name : String +check() : int Simple +weight : int +check() : int Container +capacity : int +check() : int +addItem(Item it):void contains 0..* Back Item Target Container Source Caching Container C

3. Background Container/Simple both inherit from Item && Container contains vector of Item. Cache the value of the sum for each container and the number of violations. If the same container is checked again and there has been no change, we can reuse the cached values

4. Caching Aspect Interface C (view it as a role) –Can have one of its methods cached –Requires a method allInvalidated: Returns all objects whose caches would be invalidated by a modification to the current object AspectJ interfaces can provide member implementations and fields: field cachedValue And method clearCache(){…} –Very useful! Define popular behaviors.

5. Reusable Use abstract pointcuts to represent the methods to be cached (cachedmeth) and the methods to invalidate caches (invalidate). Advice for those pointcuts.

6. Object Object around(..) : cachedmeth … Object cachedValue

7. Back Aspect Want to maintain an invariant. Intercept calls that can affect the invariant.

8. Old viewgraphs Alternative solution

9. HashTable method Hashtable cache=new Hashtable(); pointcut changed(Container c):target(c) && call(* Container.addItem(..)); before(Container c):changed(c){ if(cache.containsKey(c)){ Container contain=c.getContainer(); cache.remove(c); //invalidate while(contain!=null) { cache.remove(contain); contain=contain.getContainer();

10. pointcut getvalue(Item i):target(i) && call(* *.check(..)); int around(Item i):getvalue(i){ if(cache.containsKey(i)) return ((Integer)cache.get(i)).intValue(); int v=thisJoinPoint.proceed(i); cache.put(i,new Integer(v)); return v;

11. Introductions private int Container.violations = 0; private int Container.total = 0; private boolean Container.cacheIsValid = false;

12. pointcut getTotal(Container c): call (int check(..)) && target(c); int around (Container c): getTotal(c){ if(c.cacheIsValid){ System.out.println(c.name + " using cached value for total: " + c.total); if(c.violations > 0){ System.out.println(c.name + " had " + c.violations + " violations"); return c.total; } else return proceed(c);

13. after(Container c) returning (int tot): getTotal(c){ c.total = tot; c.violations = c.total - c.capacity; c.cacheIsValid = true;}

14. Adding a new item: pointcut newItem(Container c, Item i): call(void setContainer(..)) && target(i) && args(c); after(Container c, Item i): newItem(c, i){ c.setValid(false); } public void Container.setValid(boolean isValid){ cacheIsValid = isValid; if(getContainer() != null){ getContainer().setValid(isValid);

15. What was learned? The Hashtable allows us to better encapsulate the Caching aspect, leaving us with more elegant code that doesn’t pollute the name-space of Container It seems cleaner for each Container to keep track of its total weight. This will also probably shorten the run-time.

16. Part 1b/d: Improving modularity and reusability If we don’t cache, we don’t need the back pointers in our containers. So make it an aspect! Improve reusability through use of abstract aspects.

17. Back pointer: based on introductions private Container Item.container; public void Item.setContainer(Container c){ container = c;} public Container Item.getContainer(){ return container;}

18. Setting the BP pointcut addingItem(Container c, Item i): call (void addItem(..)) && target(c) && args(i); after(Container c, Item i): addingItem(c, i){ i.setContainer(c); }

19. Abstract Caching Aspect There is a Parent/Child relationship which can be useful in creating abstract aspects. interface Parent extends Child{ void addItem(Child c); abstract aspect Cashing{ abstract pointcut invalidate(Parent p); abstract pointcut cashing(Parent p);

20. Such that we can implement interesting functionality based only on knowledge that a Parent/Child relationship exists. after(Parent p): invalidate(p){ while(p != null){ beforeInvalidate(p); p.cashedValue = -1; p = ((Child)p).getParent(); }