1. Exotic Nuisance By: Robin Clarke

2. Dreissena polymorpha Zebra Mussel

4. Possible methods of arrival Ballast water of ships Attachment to anchors and rope coils

7. Biological Effects Intense filter feeders plankton toxic material Grow in dense clusters

9. Commercial Effects Water Clarity Commercial Fishermen and clammers Clog pipes

11. Recreational Effects Boats, boat dock, and boat hulls Remains of zebra mussels Decrease in fish

12. Methods being used to control zebra mussels 1.Chemical molluscicides: Oxidizing (chlorine, chlorine dioxide) and Non-oxidizing 2.Manual removal (pigging, high pressure wash) 3.Dewatering / Desiccation (freezing, heated air) 4.Thermal (steam injection, hot water >32°C) 5.Acoustical vibration 6.Electrical current 7.Filters, Screens

13. 1.Coatings: Toxic (copper, zinc) and Non-toxic (silicone-based) 2.Toxic constructed piping (copper, brass, galvanized metals) 3.Carbon dioxide injection 4.Ultraviolet light 5.Anoxia / Hypoxia 6.Flushing

14. Zebra Mussels. Dreissena polymorpha