1. LEQ: What words signal a chronological order?

2. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text Structure Looks Like When is it used? Signal Words Sequence, or Time Order Compare and Contrast Cause and Effect Question and Answer Problem and solution

3. Chronological order is the order in which events occur, from first to last. This is the easiest pattern to write and to follow. Chronological order presents ideas according to the time in which they occurred. This type of organization is especially effective if you are describing a process, relaying a series of actions, or telling a story. For instance, to convey the plot of a novel or the procedures of an experiment, you would tell readers what happened first, second, etc. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/composition/organization.htm Chronological Order (order of Time) TEXT ORGANIZATION

4. What does this looks like? Text StructureWhen is it used? Signal Words Sequence, or Time Order First, second, third, before, on (date), not long after, after that, next, at the same time, finally, then, in conclusion, etc…

5. True Story History Reference Anthology Document R EPORTS Instruction Manual Biography Auto-Biography Newspapers Journals Diaries Articles Text Books Facts Reviews Memoir Real Life Novel

6. Chronological Order (order of Time) TEXT ORGANIZATION

7. Chronological Order (order of Time) TEXT ORGANIZATION

8. Chronological Order (order of Time) TEXT ORGANIZATION

9. It seemed like an ordinary day when she got up that morning, but Lynda was about to embark on the worst day of her life. First, she fell in the bathtub because her mother forgot to rinse out the bath oil. Then she spilled orange juice on the outfit she had spent hours putting together for school pictures. When she changed, she messed up the French braid her mother had put in her hair. As she walked out the door, she dropped all of her school books and her math homework flew away. Once she made it to the car she thought everything would be all right. She was wrong; her father didn't look before he backed out of the driveway and ran into the neighbor’s truck. Lynda’s side of the car was damaged the most, and she ended up with a broken arm. That night, she cried herself to sleep.

10. Chronological Order (order of Time) TEXT ORGANIZATION

11. LEQ: How does my knowledge of Chronological order help me understand a Non-Fiction text?

12. As a Class: Read Titanic In a group of 2: Create a Timeline Poster (illustrate if time)

13. LEQ: What words signal a compare/contrast order?

14. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text StructureSignal Words Compare & Contrast Like, both, also, too, as well as, same, similar --------------------------------- unlike, but, in contrast, on the other hand, however, What does this look like?

15. TEXT ORGANIZATION COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE ‘Jahre Viking’ with the Titanic. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX2HFVHbo18&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active Text StructureSignal Words Compare & Contrast Like, both, also, too, as well as, same, similar --------------------------------- unlike, but, in contrast, on the other hand, however,

16. LEQ: How do I use my knowledge of Compare/Contrast patterns to help me understand informational text?

17. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text StructureSignal Words Signal to Reader Compare & Contrast Like, both, also, too, as well as, same, similar --------------------------------- unlike, but, in contrast, on the other hand, however, Likenesses and differences are being presented and/or discussed.

18. Comparisons of Kobe Bryant to LeBron James often generate a lot more heat than light. This is because there is one camp that cannot even conceive of the possibility that James is better than Bryant and another camp that cannot even conceive of the possibility that Bryant is better than James. Some people base their arguments on statistics, some people compare the supporting casts surrounding each player and other people offer vague generalizations about selfishness, killer instinct and other qualities that are very hard to quantify in a meaningful way.

19. Bryant is a much better free throw shooter than James (.839 to.728) and Bryant has a better jump shot from both the midrange and three point areas. Shooting is James’ biggest weakness but despite his much publicized work to improve his touch he actually has regressed during his career: his free throw percentage declined for three straight seasons, from.754 as a rookie to.698 in 2006-07, before bouncing back slightly to.712 last season.

20. Against many NBA teams, James overcomes this with his sheer athletic power, bulling his way to the hoop to score in the paint (that is why his overall field goal percentage is higher than Bryant’s, much like Shaquille O’Neal’s field goal percentage is higher than Hakeem Olajuwon’s even though Olajuwon had greater shooting range). However, in each of the last two seasons when James went up against the eventual NBA champions those teams built a wall around the paint, sagged off of James and dared him to make jump shots. Opposing defenders are also more apt to foul James because James is not a reliable free throw shooter.

21. James has a career rebounding average of 6.9 rebounds per game (rpg), while Bryant has a career rebounding average of 5.3 rpg but the only logical way to look at this is by position. James is a small forward who is nearly as big as Karl Malone was, so he naturally shoulders a bigger rebounding burden than Bryant, a shooting guard who plays on the perimeter. James is one of the best rebounders at his position and Bryant is one of the best rebounders at his position.

22. Bryant has made the All-Defensive First Team six times, while James has yet to earn an All-Defensive Team selection. Keep in mind that the voting in this category is done by NBA head coaches (who cannot choose their own players), not media members. I often hear fans criticizing Bryant’s defense but NBA head coaches have consistently recognized him as a top defender. Bryant understands what the opposing team is trying to do and he is very disruptive not only to his own man but also as a help defender.

23. Cleveland Coach Mike Brown has a defense-first philosophy and James has bought into that completely, which inevitably leads to the rest of the team falling in line behind him. Even when James makes an incorrect read he can often make up for it due to his incredible athletic ability. At the rate that James is improving it is only a matter of time until he will merit recognition as an All-Defensive Team player, possibly as soon as next season.

24. James has remarkable court vision but Bryant is a lot better in this regard than some people may think. It wasn’t until later in his career that Bryant really demonstrated that he can run the pick and roll and deliver a pass as well as the best point guards in the NBA.

25. James however, has a unique pass in his repertoire that few if any other NBA players deliver on a consistent basis: the crosscourt, bullet skip pass that punishes a trapping defense by finding the open man like a heat seeking missile. Bryant is capable of making this pass and he does so at times but James does this several times a game. The point is not whether or not this results in an assist but rather that defenses have to take this into account. James’ poor shooting takes away some options from him but his crosscourt passes give the defense something to worry about if their rotations are not crisp.

26. Bryant and James are both excellent ball handlers. They each prefer their right hand but are able to dribble and finish in traffic with their left hand if necessary. James is a bit more apt to try a risky pass that could be stolen, while Bryant is more apt to lose the ball in traffic when he drives to the hoop. Bryant’s ball handling style relies on finesse and precision, while James takes full advantage of his size and strength to overpower his defenders and get into the lane.

27. There is not a huge gulf between Bryant and James at this point. It seems that most of the people who believe that James is already better than Bryant fall into two camps: fans who are speaking from the heart more than the mind and stat heads who strictly look at (certain) numbers without considering any context. If you talk to NBA executives, coaches, players and scouts their evaluation will generally resemble the one that was offered above; it may differ in certain specific details but people who look at the game from a technical, objective standpoint realize that Bryant’s skill set is more well-rounded than James’ skill set at this point. James’ size and athletic ability mitigate those skill set factors to some extent, so one could make a case that James is better than Bryant in that sense but I’d have to see an improvement in James’ shooting and/or a greater decline in Bryant’s athletic ability to agree with that take.

28. Compare and Contrast

29. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text StructureSignal Words Compare and Contrast Like, unlike, but, in contrast, on the other hand, however, both, also, too, as well as READ “A Supersize Ban” In groups of two answer the following: Create a chart and list details that support and do not support a ban. FOR The Ban | AGAINST the Ban A Joint statement on whether or not you and your partner support or are against the ban. *Class Debate*

30. LEQ: What words signal a Cause/Effect order?

31. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text StructureSignal Words Cause and Effect Reasons why, If…then…, As a result, Therefore,..because.., When.. This led to… What does this looks like?

32. Sinking of the Costa Concordia http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2012/01/16/vause-cruise-ship-path.cnn dangerous area for divers http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2012/01/17/ac-butch-hendrick-rescue-diver.cnn

33. LEQ: How does my knowledge of Cause/Effect order help me understand a Non-Fiction text?

34. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text StructureSignal Words Signal to Reader Cause and Effect Reasons why, If…then…, As a result, Therefore,..because.., When.. This led to… One thing leads to another. An action causes a reaction (or consequence). What does this looks like?

35. LEQ: What words signal Problem/Solution order?

36. TEXT ORGANIZATION What does this looks like? Text StructureSignal Words Signal to Reader Problem and solution Therefore, so, this led to, as a result, one can conclude, because, if…then Evidence of cause(s) and effect(s) will be given or problems and solutions will be described.

37. LEQ: How does my knowledge of Problem/Solution order help me understand a Non-Fiction text?

38. TEXT ORGANIZATION What does this looks like? Text StructureSignal Words Signal to Reader Problem and solution Therefore, so, this led to, as a result, one can conclude, because, if…then Evidence of cause(s) and effect(s) will be given or problems and solutions will be described.

39. LEQ: What words signal a Question/Answer order?

40. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWE3uF9u9-g&feature=channel Kermit the Frog interviews Humpty Dumpty

41. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dy49Yea3iZc&feature=channel Kermit the Frog interviews Pinnochio

42. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text StructureSignal Words Signal to Reader Question and Answer Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How A question is asked by the writer, and answered by responder(s) or the writer’s own knowledge. You will be interviewing a partner about an expertise they have. You will be writing 5 open ended questions and 5 closed ended questions and recording their answers word-for-word. You will eventually write a Question & Answer article and include an illustration.

43. CLOSED-ENDEDOPEN-ENDED Conducting an Interview

44. Closed questions have the following characteristics: They give you facts. They are easy to answer. They are quick to answer. They keep control of the conversation with the questioner. This makes closed questions useful in the following situations: Closed-Ended Q’s

45. Closed-ended questions limit a respondents' answer to a pre- existing set of answers, such as yes/no, true/false, or a one-word response respondents Closed-Ended Q’s

46. A closed question can be answered with either a single word or a short phrase. Closed-Ended Q’s Example It's great weather, isn't it? Where do you live? What time is it? So, you want to move into our apartment, with your own bedroom and bathroom? Are you happy with your current supplier? Do they give you all that you need? Would you like to find a better supplier? If I can deliver this tomorrow, will you sign for it now?

47. Using open questions Open questions have the following characteristics: They ask the respondent to think and reflect. They will give you opinions and feelings. They hand control of the conversation to the respondent. This makes open questions useful in the following situations: Open-Ended Q’s

48. Using open questions can be scary, as they seem to hand the baton of control over to the other person. However, well- placed questions do leave you in control as you steer their interest and engage them where you want them. Open-Ended Q’s

49. Example What did you do on your holiday? How do you keep focused on your work? What's keeping you awake these days? Why is that so important to you? I wonder what would happen if your customers complained even more? Rob Jones used to go out late. What happened to him? How have you been after your operation? You're looking down. What's up? Open-Ended Q’s Because open-ended questions allow respondents to use their own words, it is difficult to compare the meanings of the responses.respondents

50. CLOSED-ENDEDOPEN-ENDED Conducting an Interview

51. ALWAYS INTRODUCE AND IDENTIFY YOURSELF

52. Conducting an Interview Start off with a closed ended question and then follow-up with an open-ended question.

53. Follow-Up Q’s Reporters do this because they know that the conversation doesn't end after the first question has received a reply; that reply, in turn, generates other questions, which require replies of their own.

54. Conducting an Interview DON’T BE AFRAID TO FOLLOW- UP IMMEDIATELY

55. Conducting an Interview ALWAYS THANK YOUR RESPONDENT PROVIDE YOUR CONTACT INFORMATION SHOULD THEY WANT TO PROVIDE ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

56. CLOSED-ENDEDOPEN-ENDED Conducting an Interview

57. LEQ: How does my knowledge of Question/Answer order help me understand a Non-Fiction text?

58. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text StructureSignal Words Signal to Reader Question and Answer Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How A question is asked by the writer, and answered by responder(s) or the writer’s own knowledge.

59. TEXT ORGANIZATION Text StructureSignal WordsSignal to Reader Sequence, or Time Order First, second, third, before, on (date), not long after, after that, next, at the same time, finally, then A sequence of events or steps in a process is being described. Compare and Contrast Like, unlike, but, in contrast, on the other hand, however, both, also, too, as well as Likenesses and differences are being presented and/or discussed. Cause and Effect Reasons why, If…then…, As a result, Therefore,..because.., When.. This led to… One thing leads to another. An action causes a reaction (or consequence). Question and Answer Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How A question is asked by the writer, and answered by responder(s) or the writer’s own knowledge. Problem and solution Solve, problem, fix, issue, remedy, the answer is…., The author is attempting to address and solve a problem.