1. Definition of the Industrial Revolution: The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18 th and 19 th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery. It was characterized by the use of steam power, the growth of factories, and the mass production of manufactured goods. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/Industrial-Revolution

2. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Went from hand made goods to machine made goods in factories Children and small adults worked the mines for natural recourses Many inventors created useful things to help manufacture goods Many ideas were developed such as “socialism” that would help the workers plight The start of technology and a better faster future http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/2/81.02.06.x.html

3. NEW POWER SOURCES  Steam was used for to produce energy to run the steam engine which would allow them to get more coal  Coal was harvested to produce steam for engines and also helped smelt iron  Natural gas and oil were used later on but discovered during this time. They were not used heavily  Electricity was used later on in the 1800s more http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution

4. WHY BRITAIN?  Plentiful Natural Resources  Rivers supplied waterpower and allowed construction for canals  Canals increased accessibility for trade; instrumental in bringing goods into the market  Established communications and transport relatively cheaply  Plentiful supply of coal  Easy access to the sea from all points (location)  Stable government http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/IndustrialRevolution/IRbegins.html

5. FACTORY SYSTEM People went from working on farms to working in textile factories in the 1800s factory workers were forced to accept lower wages or were laid off. You would work till dawn and stop working when the sun went down The parents couldn’t watch the children to make sure they wouldn’t get because the factory doors were locked during the day at age five children and were being put to work in textile factories, and iron and coal mines. Children were put to work in gas works, shipyards, construction, match factories, nail industries, and the work of chimney sweeping at age 3 and up. All of this was set up by their employer which was someone who usually owned a lot of money. http://www.uni.edu/schneidj/webquests/adayinthelif e/factorysystem.html

6. CHILD LABOR Children in this time were working in really bad temperature almost up to 100’s sometimes for long hours. The children started working at age 10-14 years old and they always got injured and it was so bad it can lead to death. All the jobs were very low and it paid by a little payment and they could barely take care of there children. The machines that they had could take off fingers and it can take off body parts so they would be able to work and help the family stay above poverty. http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor

7. The middle class was composed of businessmen and entrepreneurs. The middle class were well off in financial terms. Prices of goods went down so the lower class could afford them leading to the middle class being able to easily afford them. Most of the middle class didn’t work directly in the factories but rather managed them. New Middle Class http://classroom.synonym.com/differences-between-wealthy-middle-class-poor-industrial-revolution-17180.html Mi ddle class 

8. METHODIST CHURCH The rise of Methodism in the late 18th century had a huge impact on the Industrial Revolution and the social changes it produced in England, these were unintended outcomes. Methodism was a religious movement, led by Charles and John Wesley and by George Whitefield, which originated as a reaction against the apathy and the emphasis on logic and reason that characterized the Anglican Church in the early eighteenth century. “Methodist” became a widely used term in the 1700’s for anybody who was thought to be an “enthusiastic” about their religion, as we might use the term “fundamentalist” today. http://www.historytoday.com/eric-hobsbawm/methodism-and-threat-revolution-britain It is believed that Methodism kept Britain immune from Revolution

10. LUDDITES  Luddites were textile workers in Great Britain who opposed new machines because they were afraid that they’re work would be threatened.  Luddites were mainly between the years of 1811 and 1816.  Right before 1811, there were many requests to parliament to help starving farmworkers. http://www.luddites200.org.uk/theLuddites.html

11. POPULATION EXPLOSION Thomas Malthus saw the effects of the population explosion- crowded slums, hungry families, unemployment and widespread misery. Poverty was unavoidable because the population was increasing faster than rather food supply. Farmers improved crop fields for market products. They had better food. The Industrial Revolution had an impact on the population, which more than doubled during the period due to food production, better medicine, better sanitation and an increased birthrate. http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/industryandagriculture/fl/Population-Growth-and- Movement-in-the-Industrial-Revolution.htm

12. THOMAS MALTHUS AND DAVID RICARDO -Malthus was a biologist and a political economist, he believed every species’ population fluctuates, and will eventually have what he called a “population crash”. -After reading Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations Ricardo took interest in economics. He believed that poor families should have fewer children for food conservation. Both Malthus and Ricardo believed that governments should not aid the poor, for it would result in economic crisis.

13. SOCIALISM  To end poverty and injustice  Under socialism, the people as a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate means of production( farms, factories, railways, etc.) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/socialism

14. UTOPIANS / ROBERT OWEN Robert Owen was a 19 th century utopianist who believed that a perfect balance between employer and employee could be achieved. In the late 1700’s to early 1800’s, Owen bought the hamlet called New Lanark in Scotland and constructed the perfect industrial society. He denied child labor, and set up 8 hour days, whilst giving his employees an honest wage. Owen provided stores for employees to buy food and supplies, and provided housing for the working man and his family. Robert also set up New Harmony, another utopia founded in Indiana, USA. To find out more about Robert Owen, visit http://robert-owen-museum.org.uk/ http://robert-owen-museum.org.uk/

15. LAISSEZ- FAIRE ECONOMICS - Before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans followed a policy of mercantilism, which called for government regulations, such as tariffs, to achieve a favorable balance of trade. - Enlightenment a theory of laissez faire economics emerged, which argued that businesses should be allowed to operate free of government regulations. - In 1776, Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations which promoted. His system became known as capitalism which said that the economy should be governed by the natural forces of supply and demand and competition among businesses. http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h844.html

16. THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO The pamphlet was written by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, both German philosophers Published on February 21 st 1848 in London, England It summarizes the two philosophers’ theories on the nature of society and politics Friedrich Engels Karl Marx https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto

17. ESSENTIAL QUESTION RESPONSE :  Transportation- Railroads, steamboats, trains.  Steam powered engines and assembly lines are still used today.  Cultural- Communication, travel, workforce not as skilled because of new inventions.  Economically- Manufacturing became easier.