1. GOVERNANCE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE "NEW" AFRICA PIA 2574

2. The Primacy of the African Nation-State- How sovereign a. Impact of trans-national actors b. Issue of micro-states c. Rational Actor model- public or social choice theory

3. The Primacy of the African Nation-State- How sovereign d. Collective choice is non-rational e.The role of international regimes- UN, World Bank, IMF, etc. New International Order (NIO)

4. Democracy: What is it? Democracy and: 1. Governance 2. Local Government 3. Civil Society

5. Types of Democracy Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy Pluralism vs. Polyarchy Civil Society Cooperative Movement

6. Review: James Madison and Democracy: The problem with majorities Tyranny Factions

7. Direct Democracy vs. Representative Democracy Populism vs. Minority rights Shifting majorities Problem with Plebiscites

8. Definitions of Democracy in Africa The First Issue: Opposition vs. Consensus The Second Issue: “A Chief is a Chief by the People”

9. Definitions of Democracy: Review Presidential Systems- Separation of Powers Parliamentary systems- Representation and Fusion Traditional Africa- Consensus and hierarchy

10. Defining Democracy Village democracy and talking things out Ubuntu, Ujamaa and Humanism How Collective, How Market Friendly

11. THE INSTITUTIONAL STATE What is the "Institutional State?“ Why is it important?

12. The Institutional State: Civil Society Institutionalized Norms Stable Government

13. The Institutional State: Permanent Government: The Administrative apparatus Goal: Muted Cultural Differences

14. The Institutional State: The Reality Breakdown of Governance Corruption Military Coups

15. The Institutional State: The Reality Self Serving Bureaucrats Bureaucratic Elites Civil War-Violence: Inter-state Conflict and African Development

16. Governance and Sovereignty- Rules of the Game politics: Zero/sum vs. sum/sum politics "Splintering"- the break up of states- centrifugal forces Interest Group Liberalism-how real? Civil Society as organizational, not individual, or the mass.

17. Governance and Sovereignty- The need for apathy? Constitutional vs. social stability Institutional structures and Checks and balances:

18. Traditional Society: Forms of Traditional Influence in Local Government Grass Roots- traditional governance mechanisms governance in sub- Saharan Africa The Answer or the Problem?

19. Traditional Influence-Review 1. Full Meeting (Town Hall style)- Direct Democracy 2. Pure Form- Traditional Councils (Appointed) 3. Partial- Half Elected/Half Traditional 4. Technical- deconcentrated. Department heads and Traditional (No Elections

20. Traditional Influence 5. Specialized- Judicial Function 6. Specialized Partial- Land Board (2 Trad., 2 LG, 2 Cen. Gov.) 7. Bicameral- Traditional as an upper house

21. Discussion Points HOW IMPORTANT IS DEMOCRACY FOR DEVELOPMENT? HOW REALISTIC IS CIVIL SOCIETY IN AFRICA? CAN GOVERNMENT BE STABILIZED?

22. Discussion What have you been Reading? What Should your colleagues read? Logistics?