1. Complex Systems Engineering SwE 488 Artificial Complex Systems Prof. Dr. Mohamed Batouche Department of Software Engineering CCIS – King Saud University Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia batouche@ccis.edu.sa

2. Introduction 2

3. 3 Complex systems The fundamental characteristic of a complex system is that it exhibits emergent properties: Local interaction rules between simple agents give rise to complex pattern and global behavior

4. Complex Systems Complex systems are systems that exhibit emergent behavior: Anthills Human societies Financial Markets Climate Nervous systems Immune systems Human societies Cities Galaxies Modern telecommunication infrastructures 4

5. 5 Characteristics of a complex system? A complex system displays some or all of the following characteristics: Agent-based Basic building blocks are the characteristics and activities of individual agents Heterogeneous The agents differ in important characteristics Dynamic Characteristics change over time, usually in a nonlinear way; adaptation Feedback Changes are often the result of feedback from the environment Organization Agents are organized into groups or hierarchies Emergence Macro-level behaviors that emerge from agent actions and interactions

6. 6 Attributes for complex system? Interdependent Independent Distributed Cooperative Competitive Adaptive

7. 7 Complex Systems perspectives Complex Systems as a Science to Understand Nature Complex Systems as a New Form of Engineering

8. Complex System Engineering How can we understand and make use of these emergent phenomena to develop new ways of generating computer programs? Can we build self-adapting, self-organizing, and evolving computer systems and programs? 8 See Demo – Video 3D Creatures

9. Complex System Engineering 9 Most biological systems do not forecast or Schedule. They respond to their environment — quickly, robustly, and adaptively As engineers, let us don’t try to control the system… Design the system so that it controls and adapts itself to the environment

10. Artificial Complex Systems Cellular Automata Artificial Neural Networks Swarm Intelligence Evolutionary Computing Quantum Computing DNA/Molecular Computing Artificial Life Artificial Immune System 10

11. References Jay Xiong, New Software Engineering Paradigm Based on Complexity Science, Springer 2011. Claudios Gros : Complex and Adaptive Dynamical Systems. Second Edition, Springer, 2011. Blanchard, B. S., Fabrycky, W. J., Systems Engineering and Analysis, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., 2006. Braha D., Minai A. A., Bar-Yam, Y. (Editors), Complex Engineered Systems, Springer, 2006 Gibson, J. E., Scherer, W. T., How to Do Systems Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) website (www.incose.org).www.incose.org New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) website (www.necsi.org).www.necsi.org Rouse, W. B., Complex Engineered, Organizational and Natural Systems, Issues Underlying the Complexity of Systems and Fundamental Research Needed To Address These Issues, Systems Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2007. 11

12. References Wilner, M., Bio-inspired and nanoscale integrated computing, Wiley, 2009. Yoshida, Z., Nonlinear Science: the Challenge of Complex Systems, Springer 2010. Gardner M., The Fantastic Combinations of John Conway’s New Solitaire Game “Life”, Scientific American 223 120–123 (1970). Nielsen, M. A. & Chuang, I. L.,Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, 3rd ed., Cambridge Press, UK, 2000. 12

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