1. Next Generation Internet and the NSF-vBNS George O. Strawn Networking Division Director U.S. National Science Foundation

2. Outline Context Next Generation Internet (NGI) –Goals –Funding NSF NGI Activities –vBNS Backbone –University High Performance Connections –UCAID, Internet2, and Abilene –Interagency/International Connections

3. Traditional linear models of the relationship between R&D and S&T Basic Research --> Applied Research --> Development Science --> Technology

4. New, non-linear model of the relationship between S&T Considerations of Use (Technology) Quest for Fundamental Understanding (Science) Bohr Pasteur (“Pasteur’s Quadrant” Stokes/Brookings) Edison

5. New, non-linear model of the relationship between R&D Pure Basic Research Pure Applied R&D Use-inspired Basic Research Existing Understanding Existing Technology Improved UnderstandingImproved Technology

6. Research and Development Partnerships PrivatizationCommercialization Technology Spiral ARPAnetNSFNET Agency Nets ANS SprintLink, InternetMCI gigabit testbeds vBNS, ESnet, NSI, DREN Interoperable High Perf R&E nets 21st Century Networking Active Nets wireless WDM QoS

7. Research Networking To accelerate the availability of the advanced networking services and applications required by the R&E community To accelerate the “telecom paradigm shift” from managing scarcity to creating plenty [as has already occurred in computing]

8. Prime movers Continuous Improvement of Underlying Information Technologies Public Investment in Networking R&D Development of R&E Applications which leads to business investment Deregulation of Telecommunications

9. Next Generation Internet Goals ( www.ngi.gov) Experimental Research in new networking technologies Experimental Network Testbeds –about 100 research institutions at 100x performance –about 10 research institutions at 1000x performance Revolutionary Research Applications

10. NGI Networking Research Network Growth Engineering End-to-end Quality of Service Security

11. NGI Research Applications NGI-funded agency missions NGI affinity groups –basic science, crisis mgmt, education, environment, federal info services, health care, manufacturing –collaboratories, digital libraries, distributed computing, remote operations, security and privacy CCIC Applications Council Broader communities [NGI to provide “application support functions,” but most apps $$ to come from outside NGI]

12. Proposed NGI Funding Proposed ~$100 M / yr for 3-5 years Agency FY99R&D TestbedsApplns DoD 40 20 20 - DoE 23 6 13 4 NASA 10 23 5 NIST 5 3- 2 NIH 5 - - 5 NSF 25 6 11 8 totals 108 37 47 24

13. NSF-vBNS History and Context Spring 1995 NSF-vBNS Initiated Spring 1996 Expanded Academic Access to NSF-vBNS recommended and commenced Fall 1996 Internet2 University Consortium Fall 1996 Next Generation Internet proposed Fall 1997 Next Generation Internet approved Spring 1998 UCAID incorporated

15. vBNS Logical Network Map

16. High Performance Connections 92 Awards to US Universities to connect to the vBNS (additional awards forthcoming) Up to $350K per univ. to help support costs of backhauling to the vBNS* Plus award supplement to help support the cost of using the vBNS* (“subscription fee”) vBNS Partner Institutions (“vPIs”) may seek attachment to the vBNS as of fall 1998 *or other NSF-approved network

17. EPSCoR Arrangements In order to address inequities that may be caused by the rural location of many EPSCoR states, NSF EPSCoR has arranged to review successful high performance connections proposals from research institutions in EPSCoR states and to award up to an additional $200K (beyond the $350K maximum) where extraordinary costs are required to connect to the NSF-vBNS

18. UCAID, Internet2, and Abilene University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (incorporated 1998) First UCAID Project: Internet2 (more than 100 member universities and partners who are pursuing advanced academic networking) Second UCAID Project: Abilene (a second “Internet2 Backbone” based on a partnership with Qwest, Cisco, and Nortel)

19. Interagency and International interconnections vBNS Testbed com Internet Partner Net US University vBNS Partner Institution non-partner institution NGIx

20. Conclusions We are entering a new era of high performance computer networking that may begin with revolutionary research applications Science is a global activity and requires broad interconnection of research networks for optimal advancement We now work in the “spotlight the success” of the Internet which makes our politics more complicated

21. It was it 1844 that Samuel Morse opened a telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore with $30,000 obtained from Congress. Private enterprise, as usual, waited for bureaucracy to clarify the image and goals of the new operation. Once it proved profitable, the fury of private promotion and initiative became impressive, leading to some savage episodes. No new technology, not even the railroad, manifested a more rapid growth than the telegraph. By 1858 the first cable had been laid across the Atlantic, and by 1861 telegraph wires had reached across America. That each new method of transporting commodity or information should have to come into existence in a bitter competitive battle against previously existing devices is not surprising. Each innovation is not only commercially disrupting, but socially and psychologically corroding, as well. Marshall McLuhan, “Understanding Media”