1. Leonidas Osvaldo Girardin Fundación Bariloche / CONICET Coordinator of the GHG Inventories of the SNC - ARGENTINA Technical Workshop on Emissions from Aviation and Maritime Transport European Environment Agency - Oslo, October 4 th 2007 Emissions from Aviation in the Argentinas National GHG Inventory

4. Argentinas GHG National Inventories n n National Circumstances – –Developing Country. Aviation Emission may increase according to social and economic development – –Location: So far away from main global commercial routes and central countries – –Privatization process implied replacement of passengers transport by train for domestic aviation and road transport – –An explosive increase of foreign tourism since 2002- 2003 that have influence in international but also in domestic flights. – –Almost all the flights (domestic and international land and take off from Buenos Aires Airports – Jorge Newbery – domestic ones - and Ezeiza - international ones-).

5. Argentinas GHG National Inventories n n Background – –Initial National Communication (1996-1997) n n GHG National Inventories for 1990 and 1994 n n 1995 OECD/IPCC Guidelines – –Revision of the Initial National Communication (1999) n n GHG National Inventory for 1997 n n Revision of the GHG National Inventories for 1990 and 1994 n n 1996 Revised OECD/IPCC Guidelines – –Second National Communication (2005-2006) n n GHG National Inventory for 2000 n n Revision of the GHG National Inventories for 1990, 1994 and 1997 n n 1996 Revised OECD/IPCC Guidelines – Best Practices (2000) – LULUCF Sector Best Practices (2004)

6. Argentinas GHG National Inventories n n Guidelines for National Communications from Non Annex I Parties (Decision 17/CP.8). n n 1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Reporting Instructions, Workbook and Reference Manual. n n IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2000) n n IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Land Use Change and Forestry, 2004) n n Common Reporting Format (Annex I) n n National Inventory Report (Annex I) n n Own Disaggregated Methodology for Energy Sector (Fuel Combustion and Fugitive Emissions) n n Methodological Adjustments for Fugitive Emissions of CO 2 in Gas Fields.

7. GHG Inventory Work Team Composition – –Fundación Bariloche – Coordination – Energy Sector – –CNEA – Industrial Processes and Solvents. – –Faculty on Engineering (UBA) – F Gases – –Faculty on Agronomy (UBA) – Agriculture – –INTA – Livestock Sector – –LISEA (UNLP) – LULUCF – –Faculty on Exact and Natural Sciences (UBA) – Waste Management

8. Argentinas GHG National Inventories

9. Argentinas 2000 National GHG Inventory Key Source Categories (Level) Source CategoriesDirect GHG Level (%)Cumulative (%) CO 2 Emissions – Steady SourcesCO 2 27.94 N 2 O Emissions – Agriculture SoilsN2ON2O23.1451.08 CH 4 Emissions – Enteric FermentationCH 4 20.4271.50 CO 2 Emissions – Road TransportCO 2 12.5084.00 CH 4 Emissions – Fugitive Oil and NGCH 4 3.8387.83 CH 4 Emissions – LandfillsCH 4 2.6690.49 CH 4 Emissions – WastewaterCH 4 1.9792.46 CO 2 Emissions – Iron and StealCO 2 1.8094.26 CO 2 Emissions – CementCO 2 0.9595.21

10. Argentinas 2000 National GHG Inventory Participation of Aviations related Emissions In Gg. CO 2 eq.CO 2 CH 4 N2ON2O Aviation148714590.580.05 Transport402383896941.611.27 Energy131961118712582.873.25 Total (including LULUCF)2387038438385433.0067563.00 Total (without LULUCF)282001128324 In % CO 2 eq.CO 2 CH 4 N2ON2O Transport3.703.741.393.94 Energy1.131.230.101.54 Total (including LULUCF)0.621.730.00070.0001 Total (without LULUCF)0.531.14

11. Information Sources for calculating Aviation Emissions – –National Institute of Statistics and Census n n (Domestic Flights Indicators and Information) – –Secretariat on Energy – National Energy Balance n n (Fuel Consumption and Bunkers) – –Regulator Organism on the National System of Airports n n (Statistics on Landing and Take Offs) – –Argentine Guide for Air Transport (GATA) Guide of Flights. n n (Statistics on Landing and Take Offs Disaggregated by type of Aircraft)

12. Methodology and Steps followed to estimate Aviation Emissions in the Argentinas 2000 GHG National Inventory Methodology: TIER 2 – 1996 Revised Guidelines of OECD/IPCC, based on LTO cycles. Emissions regarding to International Aviation were calculated only for being informed and added to International Bunkers. We considered important to make de effort of calculating them to double check the data on Domestic Aviation Emissions and International Bunker 9 Steps: 1. To Identify Total Fuel Consumption for Domestic and International Aviation, departing from National Energy Balance 2. Estimation of Fuel Consumption for LTO cycle for each type of Aircraft (ORSNA) 3. Calculate LTO cycles applying OECD/IPCC Methodology

13. Methodology and Steps followed to estimate Aviation Emissions in the Argentinas 2000 GHG National Inventory (Continuation) 9 Steps (Continuation): 4. To Determine the number of Commercial Flights (Domestic and International in all Argentinas Airports) according to GATA Guide of Flights for year 2000. 5. Estimation of all the LTO for each type of aircraft based on GATA Guide. 6. Estimation of LTO (Domestic and International) regarding Flights not registered in GATA Guide (Officials, etc.). Information brought by Air Force less GATA Guide information. 7. Estimation of Fuel Consumption for each type of aircraft to flights (domestic and international) not included in the GATA Guide, based on the LTO for each type of aircraft. 8. Estimation of Fuel Consumption for each type of aircraft in Cruise activities. 9. Calculation of Emissions based on the Fuel Consumptions for LTO and Cruise activities for each type of aircraft applying the corresponding Emission Factors of OECD/IPCC.

14. Argentinas 2000 National GHG Inventory Aviation: Landing and Take Offs in all the Airports of Argentina Type Regular CommerceOfficial Non Regular Commerce Total Landing and Take Offs Domestic266.51254.13595.778416.425 International60.55365817.53178.743 Source: 2000 Yearbook. Regulator Organism on the National System of Airports – ORSNA.

15. Aviation: LTO Distribution depending on type of aircraft

16. Aviation: Fuel Consumption depending on type of aircraft

17. Aviation: Fuel Consumption in LTO and Cruise Stages 31,18% 5,40% 13,96 LTO/Total

18. Argentinas 2000 National GHG Inventory Aviation: Domestic Flights Indicators Source: National Institute for Statistics and Census - INDEC

19. Argentinas 2000 National GHG Inventory Aviation: Fuel Consumption Source: Secretariat on Energy

20. Barriers and Difficulties 1. In general terms, the main inconveniences are related to the quality and availability of activity data, mainly after privatization process. Nevertheless in Air Transport information has a high level of confidence. 2. All the Jet Fuel (JP1) is included in domestic consumption. For discriminate fuel consumption of international aviation (and then can add this consumption to the international bunker) it is necessary to make certain adjustments. 3. The NEB do not separate Exportation and Bunker. For doing that is necessary to work with secondary information provided for SE.

21. Further Information To view and download the full version (in Spanish) and the Executive Summary (in English) of Argentinas National GHG Inventory of 2000 and the revision of the Inventories of 1990, 1994 and 1997: www.fundacionbariloche.com.arwww.fundacionbariloche.com.ar To view and download the full version (in Spanish) and the Executive Summary (in English) of all the documents of the Argentinas Second National Communication: www.medioambiente.gov.ar www.medioambiente.gov.ar

22. Thank you very much Leonidas Osvaldo Girardin Bariloche Foundation www.fundacionbariloche.com.ar logirardin@fundacionbariloche.com.ar logirardin@sinectis.com.ar