1. 7.1 How have cities grown and what challenges do they face? 7.1a The world is increasingly urbanised as cities grow due to different processes Lesson 1- Today we will EXAMINE URBANISATION TRENDS across different countries, including reasons for growth.

2. Starter- KEY TERMS URBANISATION INDUSTRIALISATION URBAN RURAL MEGACITY HUB MIGRATION RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION NATURAL INCREASE an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas a built-up area such as a town or city Area where countryside dominates. City with 10 million or more residents Movement from countryside to a built up area (city/ town) An area where lots of important businesses are located making it important in a country's money making potential When secondary industry starts to develop in a place The way a cities population grows as a result of residents having children.

3. Describe how the world’s URBAN population has changed since 1950 and how it may change in the future (3)

4. Which areas of the world are seeing rapid urbanisation? Which areas of the world have slow or no urban growth? 1) Locate these cities on a map 2) Annotate the map with detail about growth in the city TASKS

5. TASK- Using an Atlas add these to your map, using a colour code/ symbol and a key

6. Questions 1)How does the role of a city vary from the developed to the developing world? 2) Can you think of any reasons for these patterns?

7. DEVELOPING WORLD CITIES are growing faster (much) than cities in the DEVELOPING WORLD. However some DEVELOPED world cities are still growing such as LAS VEGAS in the USA.

8. Why are some urban areas growing? 1.Natural Increase 2.International and domestic Migration 3.Rural to urban migration

9. Natural Increase DEVELOPED WORLD- World cities like London, LA and New York, buck the trend of many DEVELOPED world cities as they are still growing Reasons include- Younger populations- so more people of child bearing age thus a naturally increasing population- more people born than die as much of the population is young.

10. Re-urbanisation DEVELOPED WORLD- REURBANISATION- People aged 25-45 that are childless and or single are returning to live in city centres to be close to amenities and work. Also increasingly some people of pensionable age (AGEING DEPENDENT POPULATION) are returning to the city to be closer to health care and social amenities.

11. Natural Increase DEVELOPING WORLD- Many cities in the developing world have youthful populations as people who move there are of child bearing age- these young people have children of their own- increases population

12. International and Domestic Migration DEVELOPED WORLD- Again world cities like London attract migrants as they are well known and have a history that many people know and therefore are attracted. Also because London is a HUB, it attracts people from other areas in the UK (DOMESTIC MIGRANTS) looking for work (economic migrants).

13. Rural to urban migration- DEVELOPING WORLD- Here there are many factors leading to growth (urbanisation) Rural to urban migration- where people move from the countryside of a country, e.g. Bihar in India to a city in that country (e.g. Mumbai in India). Mainly young people, predominantly males, but increasingly young women also. Mainly in BRIC and NIC countries as a country industrialises new jobs are created which attract these people to the bigger cities.

14. DEVELOPING WORLD- In a well known hub (globally recognised/ important areas) like Bangalore (known as a techno hub as it has a concentration of techno industries located). This attracts international migrants from other nations, even DEVELOPED ones. International Migration

15. Counter-urbanisation Due to some people in the DEVELOPED world cities becoming more wealthy and leaving the city behind and moving to the countryside (RURAL areas).

16. Task Outline the main reasons for URBANISATION in the DEVELOPED and DEVELOPING WORLD ( 4 MARKS)

17. Megacities in the developed world differ from those of megacities in the developing world. Contrasting MEGACITIES

18. The population of megacities in the developed world differs from that of megacities in the developing world.

19. LAGOS? LA? BOTH? Youthful population, most under 25 years as many residents are young migrants from rural areas Many people arrive with very little money leading to them having to build their own illegal housing anywhere they can many are ECONOMIC migrants, they’ve come to find work often men outnumber women as they tend to migrate first Ageing population in many areas as natural increase is lower as residents work and have less time for children. Residents tend to be either very wealthy or very poor, wealthy tend to concentrate in improved inner city or suburb areas tends to be gender balance, roughly equal numbers of females and males

20. Age- young, most under 25 years as many residents are young migrants from rural areas. Wealth- many arrive with very little money leading to them having to build their own illegal housing anywhere they can Origins- many are ECONOMIC migrants, they’ve come to Lagos to find work Gender- often men outnumber women as they tend to migrate first Live in/ housing- many squatter settlements, built anywhere. Gated communities for wealthy in central areas Lagos- population

21. LA- population Age- Ageing population in many areas as natural increase is lower as residents work and have less time for children. Wealth -Residents tend to be either very wealthy or very poor, wealthy tend to concentrate in improved inner city or suburb areas Origins- many are ECONOMIC migrants Gender- tends to be gender balance, roughly equal numbers of females and males Housing- varies across city- some slum housing in inner city

22. The economic activities in megacities of the developed world differ from those of megacities in the developing world. What do we remember about jobs in a)DEVELOPING b)DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPED -LADEVELOPING- LAGOS FORMAL/ INFORMAL? PAY AND CONDITIONS? DOMINANT SECTOR? TASK- Complete the table with the relevant information, if you get stuck use your notes from globalisation module

23. The spatial growth of megacities in the developed world differs from that of megacities in the developing world. Contrasting SPATIAL GROWTH within MEGACITIES

24. World Cities : cities which have a major impact on world events. Often major financial centres Megacities : cities with over 10 m inhabitants Millionaire Cities : cities with over 1m inhabitants

25. DEVELOPED WORLD MEGACITY SPATIAL GROWTH In the developed world the megacities usually have distinct urban zones, based on their spatial growth over a long time: The Central Business District (CBD) is at the centre, with its shops and offices. Then there is an ‘inner city’ zone with mixtures of old decaying housing and factories and brand new developments. Then there are the suburbs which tend to be mostly residential (houses) with a few supermarkets.

26. SPATIAL GROWTH IN DEVELOPING WORLD MEGACITIES The layout is much less regular than in megacities in developed countries. Land uses are not separated so well, because growth has been so fast and planning controls are often weak. People set up homes on any patch of land they can find because there is such a shortage of housing. These spontaneous or squatter settlements, with mostly slum housing, quickly grow into shanty towns. There may be distinct sectors of land use, such as expensive houses stretching out along a particular road. In developing countries, apart from a central CBD, surrounded by older housing, the spatial growth pattern of megacities tends to be different:

30. Comparing MEGACITIES SPATIALLY Task You are going to recreate a LA and LAGOS by making a model of that city- Get pictures from the internet to ensure that it is identifiable as your chosen city Work in pairs (one does DEVELOPING WORLD city, the other a DEVELOPED WORLD city) You will have next lesson and homework to complete these models-