1. A PRESENTATION ON DIABETES MELLITUS IN INDIGENOUS AND NON - INDIGENOUS POPULATION AMONG AUSTRALIA PREPARED BY:MR.GIJIL CHALAYIL JOSE

2. INTRODUCTION I The latest census done in 2006 found that the indigenous population in Australia is younger than the non-indigenous with a median age of 21yrs when compared to 37yrs for non-indigenous.Only 3% of the indigenous are aged 65yrs or older compared to 13% of non-indigenous.The health status of the Australian population is well documented.After 1998, it is found that the increase in the death of young and middle aged men and women are largely through injury,pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases which are contributed by risk factors such as smoking,alcoholism and diabetes.Recent studies found that about 3.8% of australians were suffering from diabetes in 2007-2008.Here exhibits a study on diabetes mellitus in indigenous and non-indigenous population among australia.

3. DEFINITION Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disease characterised and diagnosed by a chronic elevation of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) that results from defects in insulin secretion,insulin acion or both. CLASSIFICATION  Type-1 diabetes mellitus(insulin dependent)  Type-2 dabetes mellitus(non-insulin dependent)

4. ASSESSMENT The studies clearly found that type-1 diabetes is not a problem in australians when compared to type-2 diabetes.It stood up with the fact that about 12-17 times more deaths experienced in indigenous population than non-indigenous population.The australian diabetic studies reported a prevalence of 7.4% in adults aged 25yr and over in 1999-2000. DETERMINANTS > Age > Social > Environmental > Physical

5. STATISTICS In 2002 an Australian study estimated a calculation of diabetes mellitus as 16 per 100000 per year in indigenous population and 1 per 100000 per year in non- indigenous population.After adjusting for age differences between the indigenous and non-indigenous population in 2004-2005, indigenous people were more than three times as likely as non-indigenous people to report some form of diabetes. These studies shows that more prevalent among australians in diabetes are females than males, aged 35-54yrs.

6. BURDEN OF DISEASE In last 25yrs, the global burden of diabetes mellitus has been estimated several times. In 1994, international Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that the global burden of diabetes was 110million and it would likely more than double to 239 million by 2010. The recent estimates from IDF published in 2006 shows the number of cases of diabetes world wide set to increase from a total of 246million in 2007 to 380million by 2025. In Australia, the indigenous people experience a higher burden of disease rather than non-indigenous.

7. INTERVENTIONS  EDUCATION > Upstream > Midstream > Downstream  NUTRITION > Upstream > Midstream > Down stream  TREATMENT > Medical > Surgical > Physical

8. ROLE OF NURSE  Obtain and plan to achieve a goal  Health education  Supportive care  Psychological support  Provide safe and infection free environment in hospitals and community health care  Proper drug administration  Maintenance of records

9. CONCLUSION The scroll full of studies conducted throughout the Australia ends up with a conclusion that type-2 diabetes is threatening the life of indigenous as well as non-indigenous population.It clearly precipitates that the interventions has been found and has to be implicated as soon as possible to avoid a massive attack of diabetes not only in Australia but also throughout the world.

10. REFERENCES 1. Levene.S & Donnelly.R (2007) Management of type-2 diabetes mellitus, A practical guide, second edition, Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier Publication, PP:6. 2. Grundy.J & Wakermann.J (2001) Diabetes screening, vol.30, no:12, PP:1141-4. 3. Feinglos.M.N & Bethel.M.A (2008 ) Type-2 diabetes mellitus : an evidence based approach to practical page-4, PP:474. 4. Khan.C.R, Moses.A.C & Smith.R.J Joslin’s, Diabetes Mellitus, 14 th edition, Lippincott Williams Publication. 5. Gutierrezfcentes.J.A & Rios.M.S, Type-2 Diabetes mellitus, Elsevier Publication, PP:26.

11. Thank you