2. Drill 10/30  How did the Chinese government restrict trade with foreign merchants  How did this policy illustrate their overall opinion of foreigners?

3.  China forced trade in only a few key ports  China distrusted foreign merchants due to Confucian beliefs

4. Classical view  The government stays out of the market’s way  The market fixes itself

5. Keynesian View  The government influences the market through spending  Increasing government spending even if it creates a deficit

6. Drill 10/30 Describe the Classical, Keynesian and Supply-side Economic views

7. Supply-Side View  The Government crafts policy to increase supply  lower taxes, especially corporate taxes

8. Fiscal Policy  Federal government’s use of taxation & spending policies to affect overall business activity

9. Drill 2/27  What are the three conditions money MUST meet to be considered money?

10.  Anything that serves as a medium of exchange, a unit of account and a store of value

11. Money has specific characteristics  Durability  It can last a long time without losing its value or physical makeup  Portability  People need to be able to carry it with them  Divisibility  Easily divided denominations

12. Monetary Policy

13.  Uniformity  Units of money must be the same in terms of what they will buy  Limited Supply  How money retains its value  Acceptability  It needs to be accepted as currency by the society

14.  OR What the #$%@ is happening to my #$^&%$ money?!

15. Monetary Policy  Policy that involves changing the rate of growth of the supply of money in circulation

16. The Federal Reserve  Nation’s central banking organization; regulates U.S. monetary & financial system

18. Structure of the Fed The Board of Governors The 12 District Banks Almost 30,000 other member banks and depository institutions 7 Member board, appointed by the President (confirmed by the senate) one 14 year term All nationally chartered banks are required to join the fed system Other banks have state-charters

19. Monetary Policy Vocab

20. Reserve Requirements  Banks required to keep percentage of deposits on account w/ the Fed  Prohibited from lending this out to customers

21. Open Market Operations  Fed buys & sells gov’t securities to influence amount of cash in circulation

22. Government Securities  Financial instruments (i.e. bonds) used by the federal gov’t to borrow money.  Gov’t securities are issued by the U.S. Treasury to cover the federal govt's budget deficit.

23. Interest Rate  The price of funds expressed as a percentage of the total amount loaned or borrowed  The cost of borrowing funds and the payment received for lending  Influenced by discount rate

24. Discount Rate  Interest rate the Fed charges banks for short-term loans of reserves  Effects rates banks offer for loans & savings

25. ANNOUNCEMENT  After much consideration  Your test will be pushed back to THURSDAY of next week  It will be the first grade of the second quarter

26. Drill 2/28  Identify these terms  Interest Rate  Reserve Requirement

27. Why do all this  What is the FED trying to control?

28. Inflation  A general increase in prices  Three types  The Demand-Pull  Limited quantity causes prices to go up  The Cost-Push Theory  Employers paying higher wages, costs go up, employees demand higher wages  The Quantity Theory

29. Quantity Theory  There is too much money in circulation  So people are willing to pay more for goods because they have more money  Ideally money in circulation should increase at the same rate as the economy (real GDP)

30. The Money Supply  Controlling the money supply controls the economy and inflation

31. Money Supply  It includes  Open Market Operations  Manipulating Reserve Requirements  Manipulating Interest Rates

32. Money Creation $1000 Deposit $900 loan to another customer, She gives it as a gift That $900 is deposited in another account $810 Loan to Yet ANOTHER customer Reserve Requirement of 10% By the end of the line the money supply has INCREASED by $2,710 $1000 + $900 + $810 = $2,710

33. Money multiplier Effect Increase in money supply = initial cash deposit X 1/reserve requirement Using the 10% from the last example what is the increase of the money supply after an initial $1,000? $10,000

34. Classwork  In your books:  Questions 1-6 pg 429

35. Economic Problem Solving

36. Summary  Which of the Fed’s tools is the most effective for regulating the economy and why?

37. Drill 11/2  How big is our national budget deficit right now?

38.  Today the national deficit sits at just over 9 TRILLION DOLLARS  $9,000,000,000,000

39. The Deficit

40.  There is a difference between debt and deficit.  When a country runs a deficit it can take two actions Create more moneyBorrow money

41. Creating Money  The government could just print more money, but that would cause HYPERINFLATION  Hyperinflation – where the inflation rate skyrockets  IE Germany after WWI, Russia, Zimbabwe today

42. Borrowing the money  Selling bonds, Treasury notes  Basically IOUs.  This creates THE NATIONAL DEBT  The National Debt is the total of the money owed to bond holders  Our deficit is “owned” by thousands of people and countries.

43. Problems  Government investors “CROWD OUT” private investors  Private investors have trouble taking out loans, they have to pay higher interest rates on lesser funds

44. With a partner  Read page 430 – 434  Complete questions 1-6  This will be collected