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דְּבַר שָׁלוֹם
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A word of peace דָּבָר
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בֶּן־הַמֶּלֶךְ
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The son of the king The king’s son
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בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
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The sons of Israel
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דֶּרֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּר
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The way of the wilderness
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בְּסֵפֶר תוֹרָת מֹשֶׁה
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בְּסֵפֶר תּוֹרָת מֹשֶׁה In the book of the law of Moses
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נֶפֶשׁ הָעָם
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The soul of the people
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דִּבְרֵי סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה
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The words of the book of the law
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כִּי מִצְוַת הַמֶּלֶךְ הִיא
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For it (is) a commandment of the king
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בְּנוֹת אַנְשֵׁי הָאִיר
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The daughters of the men of the city
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מִנְּשֵׁי בְנֵי־הַנְּבִיאִים
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“from the wives of the sons of the prophets”
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Shortened forms of personal pronouns They may be attached directly to the end of: Prepositions Function: Objects of the preposition Particles Function: Variety of relationships Nouns Function: Possessive Pronouns Verbs Function: Direct Objects
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ִי 1CS “Me”
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ְךָ 2MS “You”
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ָךְ 2FS “You”
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וֹ 3MS “Him”
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ָהּ 3FS “Her”
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ָנוּ 1CS “Us”
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ָכֶם 2MP “You/y'all”
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ָכֶן 2FP “You/y'all”
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ָהֶם 3MP “Them”
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ָהֶן 3FP “Them”
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בִּי 1CS “with me”
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בְּךָ 2MS “with you”
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בָּךְ 2FS “with you”
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בּוֹ 3MS “with him”
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בָּהּ 3FS “with her”
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בָּנוּ 1CP “with us”
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בָּכֶם 2MP “with you/y'all”
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בָּכֶן 2FP “with you/y'all”
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בָּהֶם 3MP “with them”
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בָּהֶן 3FP “with them”
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בָּהֶן 3FP “with them”
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לִי 1CS “to me”
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לְךָ 2MS “to you”
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לָךְ 2FS “to you”
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לוֹ 3MS “to him”
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לָהּ 3FS “to her”
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לָנוּ 1CP “to us”
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לָכֶם 2MP “to you/y'all”
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לָכֶן 2FP “to you/y'all”
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לָהֶם 3MP “to them”
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לָהֶן 3FP “to them”
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לָהֶן 3FP “to them”
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כָּמוֹנִי 1CS “like me”
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כָּמוֹךָ 2MS “like you”
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2FS
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כָּמוֹהוּ 3MS “like him”
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כָּמוֹהָ 3FS “like her”
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כָּמוֹנוּ 1CP “like us”
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כָּכֶם 2MP “like you/y'all”
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2FP
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כָּהֵם 3MP “like them”
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כָּהֵן 3FP “like them”
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Some prepositions take a dagesh forte in the final consonant before pronominal suffixes Some of these prepositions also have alternate forms without the dagesh forte
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אֵת is not to be confused with אֵת the particle and sign of the direct object
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אִתִּי 1CS “with me”
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אִתְּךָ 2MS “with you”
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אִתָּךְ 2FS “with you”
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אִתּוֹ 3MS “with him”
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אִתָּהּ 3FS “with her”
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אִתָּנוּ 1CP “with us”
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אִתָּנוּ 1CP “with us”
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אִתְּכֶם 2MP “with you/y'all”
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2FP
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אִתָּם 3MP “with them”
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3FP
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אוֹתִי 1CS “me”
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אוֹתְךָ 2MS “you”
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אוֹתָךְ 2FS “you”
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אוֹתוֹ 3MS “him”
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אוֹתָהּ 3FS “her”
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אוֹתָנוּ 1CP “us”
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אֶתְכֶם 2MP “you/y'all”
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אֶתְכֶן 2FP “you/y'all”
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אוֹתָם 3MP “them”
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אוֹתָן 3FP “them”
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Duplicated before some of the pronominal suffixes מִמֶּנִּי מִן־מִן־נִי “from, from me” The two final nuns are assimilated into the following letters by means of the two dagesh fortes.
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מִמֶּנִּי 1CS “from me”
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מִמְּךָ 2MS “from you” Only a partial duplication
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מִמֵּךְ 2FS “from you” Only a partial duplication
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מִמֶּנּוּ 3MS “from him”
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מִמֶּנָּה 3FS “from her”
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מִמֶּנּוּ 1CP “from us”
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מִכֶּם 2MP “from you/y'all” No duplication
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מִכֶּן 2FP “from you/y'all” No duplication
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מֵהֶם 3MP “from them” No duplication The final nuns are assimilated in all instances except before ה. Since ה is a guttural and therefore cannot receive a dagesh forte, the vowel before it must be lengthened
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מִהֶן 3FP “from them” No duplication The final nuns are assimilated in all instances except before ה. Since ה is a guttural and therefore cannot receive a dagesh forte, the vowel before it must be lengthened
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מִמֶּנּוּ 3MS “from him”
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מִמֶּנּוּ 1CP “from us”
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Pronominal suffixes are affixed to the ends of nouns to show possession. Only nouns in the construct state may receive pronominal suffixes A construct noun with a pronominal suffix will always be treated as definite, even though it never takes the definite article. Any attributive adjective placed after such a form must be written with the definite article
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דְּבָרִי “my word”
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ִי + דְּבַר Singular construct + 1CS pronominal ending
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ִי + דְּבַר “word of me” “my words”
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דְּבָרַי “my words”
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ַי + דִּבְרֵי Plural construct + 1CS pronominal ending
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ַי + דִּבְרֵי “words of me” “my words”
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ִי 1cs my ְךָ 2 MS your ֵךְ 2FS your וֹ 3MS his ָהּ 2FS her ֵנוּ 1CP our ְכֶם2MP your ְכֶן2FP your ָם3MP their ָן3FP their
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קוֹלִי1CS my voice קוֹלְךָ2MS your voice קוֹלֵךְ2FS your voice קוֹלוֹ3MS his voice קוֹלָהּ3FS her voice קוֹלֵנוּ1CP our voice קוֹלְכֶם2MP your voice קוֹלְכֶן2FP your voice קוֹלָם3MP their voice קוֹלָן3FP their voice
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תוֹרָתִי1CS my law תוֹרָתְךָ2MS your law תוֹרָתֵךְ2FS your law תוֹרָתוֹ3MS his law תוֹרָתָהּ3FS her law תּוֹרָתֵנוּ 1CP our law תּוֹרָתְכֶם2MP your law תוֹרָתְכֶן2FP your law תוֹרָתָם3MP their law תוֹרָתָן3FP their law
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ַי1cs my ֶיךָ2 MS your ַיִךְ2FS your ָיו3MS his ֶיהָ2FS her ֵינוּ1CP our ֵיכֶם2MP your ֵיכֶן2FP your ֵיהֶם3MP their ֵיהֶן3FP their
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אְלֹהַי1CS my God אְלֹהֶיךָ2MS your God אְלֹהַיִךְ2FS your God אְלֹהָיו3MS his God אְלֹהֶיהָ3FS her God אְלֹהֵינוּ 1CP our God אְלֹהֵיכֶם2MP your God אְלֹהֵיכֶן2FP your God אְלֹהֵיהֶם3MP their God אְלֹהֵיהֶן3FP their God ֶ ֶ ֶ ֶ ֶֶ ֶ ֶ ֶ ֶ ֶ ֶ
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תּוֹרוֹתַי 1CS my laws תּוֹרוֹתֶיךָ 2MS your laws תּוֹרוֹתַיִךְ 2FS your laws תּוֹרוֹתָיו 3MS his laws תּוֹרוֹתֶיהָ 3FS her laws תּוֹרוֹתֵינוּ 1CP our laws תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶם2MP your laws תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶן2FP your laws תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶם3MP their laws תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶן3FP their laws
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לִפְנֵי “before, in front of, in the presence of” פָּנִים (face) Absolute Plural פְּנֵי Construct Plural + לְ (to) = לִפְנֵי “to the face of/ before”
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לְפָנַי 1CS before me לְפָנֶיךָ 2MS before you לְפָנַיִךְ 2FS before you לְפָנָיו 3MS before him לְפָנֶיהָ 3FS before her לְפָנֵינוּ 1CP before us לִפְנֵיכֶם2MP before you ------2FP לִפְנֵיהֶם3MP before them ------3FP
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אֶל“to, unto”
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אֵלַי 1CS unto me אֵלֶיךָ 2MS unto you אֵלַיִךְ 2FS unto you אֵלָיו 3MS unto him אֵלֶיהָ 3FS unto her אֵלֵֵינוּ 1CP unto us אְַלֵיכֶם2MP unto you אְַלֵיכֶן2FP unto you אְַלֵיהֶם3MP unto them אְַלֵיהֶן3FP unto them
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