1. Mohammed AM Dwikat CIS Department dwikatmo@najah.edu

2. To discuss Course Issues Multimedia-Definitions Multimedia Systems Data Stream & continuous media Streaming Media Multimedia - Applications 2 Multimedia I

3. Course Issues Text Books 1) Ze-Nian Li & Mark S. Drew, "Fundamentals of Multimedia“,Pearson Education, 2004 3 Course Home –Zajel.najah.edu 2) Steinmetz R & Nahrstedt K, “Multimedia: Computing, Communication & Applications”, Pearson Education, 2001 In Addition to reference books, Additional readings & the class notes will be posted on the course page on a irrregular basis. Multimedia I

4. Multimedia- Definitions Multi - many; much; multiple Medium- a substance regarded as the means of transmission of a force or effect; a channel or system of communication, information, or entertainment (Merriam-Webster Dictionary ) So, Multimedia??? The terms Multi & Medium don’t seem fit well Term Medium needs more clarification !!! 4 Multimedia I

5. Multimedia- Definitions Medium Means for distribution and presentation of information Classification based on perception (text, audio, video) is appropriate for defining multimedia Multimedia I5 Criteria for the classification of medium Storage Presentation Representation Perception Information Exchange Transmission

6. Multimedia- Definitions Time always takes separate dimension in the media representation Based on time-dimension in the representation space, media can be Time-independent (Discrete) Text, Graphics Time dependent (Continuous) Audio, Video Video, sequence of frames (images) presented to the user periodically. Time dependent aperiodic media is not continuous!! Discrete & Continuous here has no connection with internal representation !! (relates to the viewers impression…) Multimedia I6

7. Multimedia- Definitions Multimedia is any combination of digitally manipulated text, art, sound, animation and video. A more strict version of the definition of multimedia do not allow just any combination of media. It requires Both continuous & discrete media to be utilized Significant level of independence between media being used The less stricter version of the definition is used in practice. Multimedia I7

8. Multimedia- Definitions Multimedia elements are composed into a project using authoring tools. Multimedia Authoring tools are those programs that provide the capability for creating a complete multimedia presentations by linking together objects such as a paragraph of text (song), an illustration, an audio, with appropriate interactive user control. Multimedia I8

9. Multimedia- Definitions By defining the objects' relationships to each other, and by sequencing them in an appropriate order, authors (those who use authoring tools) can produce attractive and useful graphical applications. To name a few authoring tools Macromedia Flash Macromedia Director Authorware The hardware and the software that govern the limits of what can happen are multimedia platform or environment Multimedia I9

10. Multimedia- Definitions Multimedia is interactive when the end-user is allowed to control what and when the elements are delivered. Interactive Multimedia is Hypermedia, when the end-user is provided with the structure of linked elements through which he/she can navigate. Multimedia I10

11. Multimedia- Definitions Multimedia is linear, when it is not interactive and the users just sit and watch as if it is a movie. Multimedia is nonlinear, when the users are given the navigational control and can browse the contents at will. Multimedia I11

12. Multimedia Application Definition A Multimedia Application is an Application which uses a collection of multiple media sources e.g. text, graphics, images, sound/audio, animation and/or video. 09-Jan-0712

13. What is Hypertext and Hypermedia? Hypertext is a text which contains links to other texts. 09-Jan-0713

14. Hypertext is therefore usually non-linear (as indicated below). 09-Jan-0714

15. 09-Jan-0715 HyperMedia is not constrained to be text-based. It can include other media, e.g., graphics, images, and especially the continuous media – sound and video. Hypermedia

16. 09-Jan-0716 The World Wide Web (WWW) is the best example of hypermedia applications. PowerPoint Adobe Acrobat Macromedia Director Many Others? Example Hypermedia Applications?

17. Multimedia System Following the dictionary definitions, Multimedia system is any system that supports more than a single kind of media Implies any system processing text and image will be a multimedia system!!! Note, the definition is quantitative. A qualitative definition would be more appropriate. The kind of media supported should be considered, rather the number of media Multimedia I17

18. Multimedia System A multimedia system is characterized by computer-controlled, integrated production, manipulation, storage and communication of independent information, which is encoded at least through a continuous (time-dependent) and a discrete (time-independent) medium. Multimedia I18

19. Characteristics of a Multimedia System A Multimedia system has four basic characteristics: Multimedia systems must be computer controlled. Multimedia systems are integrated. The information they handle must be represented digitally. The interface to the final presentation of media is usually interactive. Multimedia I19

20. 09-Jan-0720 An Authoring System is a program which has pre- programmed elements for the development of interactive multimedia software titles. Authoring systems vary widely orientation, capabilities, and learning curve. Multimedia Authoring: Systems and Applications

21. 09-Jan-0721 can speed up programming possibly content development and delivery about 1/8th However, the content creation (graphics, text, video, audio, animation, etc.) not affected by choice of authoring system; time gains – accelerated prototyping Why should you use an authoring system?

22. 09-Jan-0722 Big distinction between Programming and Authoring. Authoring — – assembly of Multimedia – possibly high level graphical interface design – some high level scripting. Programming — – involves low level assembly of Multimedia – construction and control of Multimedia – involves real languages like C and Authoring Vs Programming

23. 09-Jan-0723 The authoring paradigm, or authoring metaphor, is the methodology by which the authoring system accomplishes its task. Scripting Language -Lingo scripting Iconic/Flow Control -Authorware Frame -Quest Card/Scripting Cast/Score/Scripting — Macromedia Director/Flash Hypermedia Linkage Tagging — SMIL (Synchronized Media Integration Language) Multimedia Authoring Paradigms / Metaphors

24. Data streams Data Stream is any sequence of individual packets transmitted in a time-dependent fashion Packets can carry information of either continuous or discrete media Transmission modes Asynchronous Packets can reach receiver as fast as possible. Suited for discrete media Additional time constraints must be imposed for continuous media Multimedia I24

25. Data streams Synchronous Defines maximum end-to-end delay Packets can be received at an arbitrarily earlier time For retrieving uncompressed video at data rate 140Mbits/s & maximal end-to-end delay 1 second the receiver should have temporary storage 17.5 Mbytes Isochronous Defines maximum & minimum end-to-end delay Storage requirements at the receiver reduces Multimedia I25

26. Characterizing continuous media streams Periodicity Strongly Periodic Data Stream Constant time interval Minimum jitter e.g. PCM encoded voice in telephone systems Pulse-code modulation coded speech in telephony behaves this way. Multimedia I26

27. Weakly Periodic Data Stream 27 Duration of time intervals between neighboring packets is a function with finite period duration. Time intervals between neighboring packets is not constant.

28. Non-Periodic Data Streams Other possibilities e.g. mouse movement on white boards of the screen in video conferences 28

29. Characterizing continuous media streams Contiguous packets Are contiguous packets are transmitted directly one after another/ any delay? Can be seen as the utilization of resource Connected / unconnected data streams 29Multimedia I

30. Streaming Media Popular approach to continuous media over the internet Playback at users computer is done while the media is being transferred (no waiting till complete download!!!) You can find streaming in Internet radio stations Distance learning Cricket Live!!! Movie Trailers Multimedia I30

31. Streaming Media Multimedia I31

32. Multimedia- Applications Multimedia plays major role in following areas Instruction Business Advertisements Training materials Presentations Customer support services Entertainment Interactive Games Multimedia I32

33. Multimedia- Applications Enabling Technology Accessibility to web based materials Teaching-learning disabled children & adults Fine Arts & Humanities Museum tours Art exhibitions Presentations of literature Multimedia I33

34. Multimedia- Applications Multimedia I34 In Medicine Source: Cardiac Imaging, YALE centre for advanced cardiac imaging

35. Multimedia- Applications Multimedia I35 In training

36. Multimedia- Applications 36 Public awareness campaign Source Interactive Multimedia Project Department of food science& nutrition, Colorado State Univ