1. GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE IPUMS – Country Report: Ghana BY N.N.N. Nsowah-Nuamah (Deputy Government Statistician)

2. History of census taking History of census taking –Pre-independence censuses The first census of the population in Ghana was taken in 1891, and further censuses were taken in each tenth year until the series was interrupted as a result of World War II but was resumed in 1948.

3. –Chiefs were asked to carry out the counting which, in accordance with native custom at the time, was done by heads of families placing in a bowl or other receptacle a cowry for each female or a grain of corn for each male member of the family. –The cowries and grains were counted and the numbers of each communicated to the District Commissioner by the chief but this practice was gradually discontinued in later years

4. –The 1931 census was the first in which the entire population was individually counted; either by enumerators who counted and recorded village population on a form or by means of forms delivered to households in which the head of the household or occupier inserted particulars of each individual.

5. –A feature of the 1931 census was that whereas on previous occasions an ad hoc enabling ordinance had been enacted for each census, on this occasion a definite ordinance was enacted which was intended to be permanent. –For the 1948 census, a temporary Census Office was formed under the direction of a Census Commissioner from which all forms and instructions were distributed and to which all completed forms were sent after collection for tabulation.

6. Pre-Independence Population of Ghana Year Total 1891 764,613* 1901 1,549,661* 19111,503,911* 19212,486,392 19313,457,282 19484,501,218 * Exclude data from the Trust Territories (Togoland)

7. Post-Independence Censuses Post-Independence Censuses –The 1960 Census was the first to be undertaken since Ghana achieved her Independence on March 6, 1957. –It was also one of the first censuses taken in Africa as part of the World Population Census proclaimed by the United Nations.

8. –The 1960 Ghana Census has since been acclaimed as the first modern Census on the African continent and aroused interest not only in Africa but also in several other parts of the world. –The second post-independence census was conducted in 1970, with the expectation that a decennial census programme would be maintained.

9. –The 1970 Population Census also had all the essential features of a modern population census, as set out in the “Principles and recommendations for the 1970 Population Censuses” issued by the United Nations. –The third post-independence census was conducted in 1984 (reference date – 11th March) due to circumstances beyond the control of the statistical organization.

10. –The 1984 census data were the first to be captured, processed and stored electronically. Data processing of the census information was undertaken using a Wang VS-80 Main- frame computer which was linked to micro computers. –The fourth census which was expected to have been conducted in 1994 was re- scheduled to 2000 (reference date – 26th March).

11. Post-Independence Population of Ghana YearPopulation MaleFemaleTotal 19603,400,2703,326,5456,726,815 19704,247,8094,311,5048,559,313 19846,063,8486,232,23312,296,081 20009,357,3829,554,69718,912,079

12. 2000 Population and Housing Census (PHC) 2000 Population and Housing Census (PHC) –The 2000 PHC was the first time Ghana conducted a Population and Housing census as one operation and reactivated the maintenance of major data collection programmes and provided data required as a basis for the design and development of socio-economic and population policies and programmes.

13. Census Preparatory Activities Census Preparatory Activities –Two major activities undertaken at the planning stage of the 2000 PHC were the preparation of census instruments and the trial census. –These instruments which included the questionnaire, instruction manuals, code lists, and enumeration forms were prepared and tested during the trial census.

14. Questionnaire Consultation with Users Consultation with Users A simple questionnaire was sent to relevant MDAs, research institutions, relevant departments in the universities, business associations and other users: A simple questionnaire was sent to relevant MDAs, research institutions, relevant departments in the universities, business associations and other users: whether the organization had used any previous census data and the specific census data used whether the organization had used any previous census data and the specific census data used what use the census data were put what use the census data were put any data that were needed but had not been provided in previous censuses any data that were needed but had not been provided in previous censuses general comments on population censuses. general comments on population censuses.

15. Selection of Topics Selecting topics for inclusion in the questionnaire involved the review and consideration of the following: topics covered in the 1984 population census, topics covered in the 1984 population census, recommended topics from the United Nations Principles and Recommendations for the 2000 round of Population and Housing Censuses, recommended topics from the United Nations Principles and Recommendations for the 2000 round of Population and Housing Censuses, data requests and suggestions from users based on the answers to the questionnaire sent to them, data requests and suggestions from users based on the answers to the questionnaire sent to them, list of users’ requests compiled by the Statistical Service over a period of time. list of users’ requests compiled by the Statistical Service over a period of time. All the population topics in 1970 and 1984 censuses were maintained, because they were considered as still relevant to the country’s data needs, especially in terms of maintaining a time series of socio-economic data. All the population topics in 1970 and 1984 censuses were maintained, because they were considered as still relevant to the country’s data needs, especially in terms of maintaining a time series of socio-economic data.

16. Final Questionnaire 15 questions on housing characteristics and 20 questions on population covering:household characteristics 15 questions on housing characteristics and 20 questions on population covering:household characteristics geographical location and internal migration geographical location and internal migration demographic and social characteristics demographic and social characteristics economic characteristics economic characteristics literacy and education literacy and education fertility and mortality. fertility and mortality.

17. Main Census Main Census –Field work took three weeks to complete with a reference day (26 th March, 2000) as the census night. The enumeration was done by enumerators recruited and trained by Statistical service. –The census was a de facto count and each person present in Ghana, irrespective of nationality, was enumerated at the place he/she spent the census night (26 March 2000). –The data gathered during the 2000 PHC were processed electronically through the scanning technology.

18. Availability of Data Availability of Data Access to census data has normally been through the following: Access to census data has normally been through the following: –published reports (printed) –published reports (on tapes and CD-ROM) –verbal dissemination (press briefings, media discussions, briefing at official meetings). –request

19. Concepts and definitions Region: There were ten administrative regions in Ghana, with the same boundaries, at the time of the 2000 Census (26 March) as it was in 1984. Region: There were ten administrative regions in Ghana, with the same boundaries, at the time of the 2000 Census (26 March) as it was in 1984. District: Ghana changed from the local authorities system of administration to district assembly system in 1988. The country was demarcated into 110 districts as against the 140 local authorities. The boundaries of the districts did not conform to the boundaries of the local authorities but are coterminous with regional boundaries. District: Ghana changed from the local authorities system of administration to district assembly system in 1988. The country was demarcated into 110 districts as against the 140 local authorities. The boundaries of the districts did not conform to the boundaries of the local authorities but are coterminous with regional boundaries. Ethnicity Ethnicity The 1970 and 1984 Censuses did not collect information on ethnicity. The 1960 census list of ethnic groups was found to be too detailed The 1970 and 1984 Censuses did not collect information on ethnicity. The 1960 census list of ethnic groups was found to be too detailed

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