1. RAWATAN TANAH BAGI PEMBINAAN JALAN DI KAWASAN BERPAYA
RAWATAN TANAH BAGI PEMBINAAN JALAN DI KAWASAN BERPAYA. MESYUARAT PENGURUSAN JKR PAHANG JULAI 2011C

2. 1.0 LITERATURE 1.1 DEFINATION
Paya- Swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large area of land by shallow bodies of water. Also known as peat, bogs, moors, muskegs, mires and fens.
Swamp acts as a reservoir holding water above ground water level

3. CUR (2001) telah menyenaraikan masalah yang dihadapi oleh Jurutera semasa menjalankan kerja tanah di kawasan berpaya.
Sukar untuk dimasuki
Jalan masuk yang terhad.
Pemendapan akan berlaku dalam jangkamasa yang lama.
Tanah tidak stabil.

4. Tanah lembut dan mudah tenggelam.
Keupayaan galas tanah yang rendah.
Paras air bawah tanah yang tinggi.
Tambakan akan mudah mendap dan senang gagal.
Mendapan berlaku disebabkan penurunan tekanan air bawah tanah.

5. 1.2 COMMON EMBANKMENT FAILURE
PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA

6. Common method of foundation treatment used in road construction:-
R&R
Perforated Vertical Drain (PVD)
Surcharge
Stone Column
Soil Reinforcement

7. R&R

8. R&R

9. R&R

10. 1.3.1 Remove and Disposed Unsuitable Materials
Unsuitable materials shell be excavated to such depth and over such area as drawing or as directed.
All excavated materials and unwanted materials from clearing, grubbing, stripping top soil shell be disposed from site.
Unsuitable materials include:-
Running silt, peat, logs, stumps, slurry or mud.
Consisting of highly clay and silt
LL exceeding 80% and PI exceeding 55%
Lost weight greater than 2.5 % on ignition

11. 3.1.2 Replacement of Unsuitable Materials Under Standing Water.
The replacement of unsuitable materials shell be done under standing water, void created due to removal of unsuitable materials shall be backfilled with hard clean crushed rock, natural gravel or sand.

12. 1.3.3 Earth Embankment Materials- Placement of Fill Materials
Shall be suitable materials obtained from excavation in cutting or designated borrow pit
Placement of Fill Materials
Shell be deposited in layer ( 300mm per layer)
Each layer shall extended over the full width of the fill area

13. …….Earth Embankment Compaction Degree of Compaction
Shall be compacted as soon as practicable after being placed and spread.
Compaction of embankment slope, compacted layer should extended beyond the design slope.
Degree of Compaction
InSitu Density Test (Top 300mm) > 95% Dry Density
(Below 300mm) >90% Dry Density

14. Perforated Vertical Drain (PVD)
PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA

15. PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA
PVD
Pipe with a thin vertical section of drainage composite
Plastic tube with a non-woven geotextile cover.
Digunakan bagi mempercepatkan proses pemadatan (Consolidation Process) dengan mempercepatkan pengeluaran zarah air dari tanah.
PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA

20. PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA
SURCHARGE
PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA

21. PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA
SURCHARGE
Merupakan salah satu kaedah rawatan tanah.
Kaedah untuk mempercepatkan keupayaan galas tanah.
PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA

22. SURCHARGE

23. PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA

24. PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA

28. KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
INSTRUMENTATION 28

29. SG = Settlement gauge (to check ground settlement)
Instrumentation
INC
Piezo SG
EXT SM
Purposes of instrumentation (design/prediction verification)
SM = Surface marker (to check surface deformation)
SG = Settlement gauge (to check ground settlement)
Piezo= Piezometer (pheumatic or electrical, to check excess
pore water pressure)
INC = Inclinometer (to check lateral deformation of subsoil)
EXT = Extensometer (to check deformation of deeper
compressible stratum)

30. INSTALLATION OF PNEUMATIC PIEZOMETER IN PROGRESS
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
INSTALLATION OF PNEUMATIC PIEZOMETER IN PROGRESS 30

31. KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
SETTLEMENT GAUGE 31

32. KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
SETTLEMENT MARKER 32

33. INSTALLATION OF STAND PIPE PIEZOMETER IN PROGRESS
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
INSTALLATION OF STAND PIPE PIEZOMETER IN PROGRESS 33

34. Tujuan pemasangan instrument geoteknik dibuat adalah :
a. Untuk menentusahkan parameter yang digunakan semasa rekabentuk
b. Untuk memerhatikan tingkahlaku tambakan di bawah bebanan.
c. Digunakan sebagai alat untuk pemantauan.
Kerja penambakan akan diberhentikan sekiranya :
ΔU/Δσ > 0.7
ΔH/ΔV > 0.5
Max. surface heave > 0.2
Max. Vertical Settlement

35. PROJECT SCHEDULING FOR CONSTRUCTION OF ROADWORKS IN SWAMPY AREA

36. GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
Ground Treatment - Type A
Treatment (Remove and Replace) in areas where weak residual sub-grade material is
encountered with SPT (N) < 4 and Mackintosh probe < 30 .
Typical sketch - Figure 1 and Figure 1a
Ground Treatment - Type B
This treatment is proposed where weak compressible soft clay < 6m thick. A
1000mm thick drainage blanket layer shall be provided and the embankment shall be
preloaded with 1.0m high surcharge (rest period of between months).
Typical sketch - Figure 2 and Figure 2a
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS

37. GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
Ground Treatment - Type C
Treatment Type C is proposed where deep compressible soft clay > 6m thick.
A 1000mm thick drainage blanket layer shall be provided and the embankment shall be,
Preloaded with 1.5m high surcharge complimented with vertical drains. (rest period of between months).
Typical sketch - Figure 3 and Figure 3a
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
Ground Treatment - Type D
This treatment, to be introduced at approach embankments abutting the bridges, comprises of RC slab of 450mm thick supported by 250mm x 250mm square piles.
Typical sketch -Figure 4

38. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE A AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE A
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
Figure 1a
AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD

39. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE A AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE A
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
Type B
Figure 2
AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD

40. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
Figure 2a
AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD

41. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
Type C
Figure 3
AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD

42. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE C AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE C
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
Figure 3a
AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD

43. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE C AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE C
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
Type D
Figure 4
AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD

44. EXCAVATION WORKS FOR GROUND TREATMENT WORKS
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
SECTION 1
EXCAVATION WORKS FOR GROUND TREATMENT WORKS 44

45. KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
PROGRESS PHOTOS
GROUND TREATMENT CH 2950 – CH 3400 RHS 45

46. KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
FIXED LOCATION
EMBANKMENT FILL AT CH – CH LHS 46

47. KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
SECTION 1
SURCHARGE 47

48. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B & C PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B & C
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B & C
SAND BLANKET
PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN 48

49. AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B & C
GEOTEXTILE SEPERATOR
300mm SAND LAYER
AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD 49

50. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B & C
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE B & C
EMBANKMENT FILL
SURCHARGE FILL 50

51. GROUND TREATMENT TYPE D AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD
KERAJAAN MALAYSIA J A B A T A N K E R J A R A Y A M A L A Y S I A
GROUND TREATMENT TYPE D
GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ASPECTS
AHMAD ZAKI SENDIRIAN BERHAD

52. DO’S & DONT’S : GEOTECHNIC WORKS
Best Practice
Follow the latest code practice.
Full time supervision from soil investigation to construction works must be done by competent personal only.
Recording have to be done on proper recording sheet at site.
Construction sequence on site should always follow Method Statements and Approved Drawings.
All lab test for design purpose must be witnessed and approved by experience geotechnical personal.

53. Don't
Filling rate of embankment not following the specification (300mm/layer)
> 300 mm
Uncontroled filling rate can cause immediate failure to the embankment

54. Don't Undulating surface
Decaying tree trunks used with USM as filling material
Undulating surface
USM as fill material
Improper compaction and poor selection fill material during construction leads undulating surface to the pavement

55. Do !
Filling rate of 300mm/layer and proper compaction with correct recording and field test
Sand Replacement Test
Field test must be carried out to ensure degree of compaction according to specification

56. Encroachment of USM due unstitched Geotextile
Don't
Encroachment of USM due unstitched Geotextile
Geotextile not stitched
Deterioration of geotextile due long exposure
Common mistake of geotextiles installation during construction

59. Do Best practice of geotextile installation
Geotextile are laid properly
Immediate filling after installation of geotextile
Geotextile stitched using proper tools
Best practice of geotextile installation

60. TERIMA KASIH