1. ARTTALK Chapter 1 The Language of Art

2. Before we get going, let’s watch a video about art and the whole idea of I could do that, or my kid could do that. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6 7EKAIY43kg

3. Objectives for Chapter 1: Identify the elements of art and the principles of design. Describe the media used in drawing and painting. Explain how you can improve your perceptual skills. List the processes used in printmaking and sculpture. Name and identify the subject, composition, and content in a work of art.

4. What is Art? Something produced or intended primarily for aesthetic purposes rather than utility. Any of the art forms, such as sculpture, painting, or music.

5. Grant Wood. Return from Bohemia. 1935. Colored crayon, gouache, and pencil on brown paper. 23 ½” x 20” What is Art? Art deals with communicating ideas and feelings that words cannot explain. They go beyond simply describing something, or telling a story. Even if you cant speak English, you can understand what is happening in this Grant Wood painting. Images are sometimes easier to understand than words.

6. The Elements and Principles Just like languages have grammar, visual art has its own system or set of rules. Everything in a work of art are made up of certain common elements. These are the Elements of Art and the Principles of Design. Knowing these will help you understand, appreciate, and enjoy art.

7. The Elements of Art A symbol is something that stands for, or represents, something else. In art, visual symbols are used to communicate ideas. The elements of art are the basic visual symbols in the language of art. There are seven elements of art: 1.Line 2.Shape 3.Form 4.Space 5.Color 6.Value 7.Texture

8. Janet Fish. Lorna and Jane. 2006. Oil on canvas, 60” x 70”. Separating the visual elements from one another can be difficult. The differences between one element to the next may not be clear-cut. For example, a wide line looks like a shape. Notice the variety of textures in this painting by Janet Fish. Start to deal with each element at a time, rather than the entire artwork.

9. The Principles of Design Visual images are organized according to rules. The principles of design are the rules that govern how artists organize the elements of art. They have a strong influence on the way art communicates. There are eight Principles of Design: 1.Rhythm 2.Movement 3.Balance 4.Proportion 5.Variety 6.Emphasis 7.Harmony 8.Unity

10. Julio Larraz. Papiamento. 1987. Oil on canvas. 56 ½” x 82 1/2” The artist has created a mysterious mood by the way he has used the Principles of Design to organize the Elements of Art. Notice the camouflaged woman. Why do you think the artist arranged the picture this way? What kind of mood did he create? What do you think the artist is trying to say?

11. The Media and Processes of Art A medium is the material used to make art The plural of medium is media. It is very specific, such as oil paint, graphite, or clay. Different media can give the finished artwork a totally different look and feel. For example, a landscape painting done in watercolor will look very different than the same scene done with oil paint.

12. Drawing Drawing is the process of moving a pointed instrument over a surface to leave a mark. The mark that is left is a line. Some drawing media are:  Graphite pencils  Pen and ink  Charcoal  Crayons  Pastels  Chalk

13. Drawing The purpose of drawing can vary from developing perception, recording ideas, planning projects, and making finished artwork. This is an example of a finished artwork drawn with ink. Charles White. Preacher. 1952. Ink on cardboard. 21” x 29”

14. Perception Looking and perceiving are not the same thing. Looking is simply noticing and labeling an object. Perception is the act of looking at something carefully and thinking deeply about what is seen. Through drawing artists become better at perceiving.

15. Drawing Artists use sketchbooks to record their surroundings and to study objects. They can record ideas to be used later. Drawing is usually the first step in completing paintings and many other artworks. Many jobs also use drawing such as fashion designers, interior designers, architects, graphic designers, stage designers, game developers, animators, and many more.

16. Leonardo de Vinci filled over 100 sketchbooks. Leonardo da Vinci. Page from sketchbook.

17. Painting Painting is the process of applying color to a surface using tools such as a brush, a painting knife, a roller, or even fingers. The surface is the material to which the paint is applied, such as canvas, paper, or wood. Some painting media:  Oil  Acrylic  Watercolor  Gouache  Tempera  Fresco  Encaustic

18. Painting All paints have three basic ingredients: 1.Pigment – finely ground powder that gives paint its color. 2.Binder – a liquid that holds together the grains of pigment in a form that can be spread over a surface, where it is allowed to dry. 3.Solvent – the material used to thin the binder. So for oil paint, the binder is linseed oil, and the solvent is turpentine.

19. Painting Winslow Homer. Sketch for Hound and Hunter. 1892. Watercolor Winslow Homer. Hound and Hunter. 1892. Oil on canvas. Notice the difference in the watercolor on the left and the oil paint on the right, of the same subject.

20. Printmaking Printmaking is a process in which an artist repeatedly transfers an original image from one prepared surface to another. In printmaking, the artist usually makes multiple images.

21. Printmaking Prints are made by the printmaking process using three basic steps. 1.Creating the printing plate. 2.Inking the plate 3.Transferring the image. An edition is a series of identical prints made from the same plate. The printmaker labels the work with their name, title of work, and the number of each print, such as 1/10 means this is the first print of 10.

22. Types of Printmaking Relief printing – In this method the artist cuts away the sections of a surface not meant to hold ink. The image to be printed is, as a result, raised from the background. Elizabeth Catlett. Sharecropper. 1970. Linoleum cut on paper. 17” x 16”

23. Types of Printmaking Intaglio – A process in which ink is forced to fill lines that have been cut or etched into a metal surface, while the plate’s surface is wiped clean. The resulting print shows the lines of raised ink. Lithography – A printmaking process based on the principle that grease and water do not mix. The image is drawn on limestone with a greasy crayon. It is then treated with a nitric-acid solution to clean it, then rinsed in water. When the surface is inked, the greasy area holds the ink.

24. Types of Printmaking Screen printing – This technique makes use of a stencil that is placed on a fabric screen stretched across the frame. The screen is placed flat on the printing surface, and a squeegee is used to press ink through the fabric not covered by the stencil. A handmade screen print is called a serigraph. A separate screen is made for each color.

25. Andy Warhol Various forms of Marilyn. Serigraphs. Note Warhol’s playful use of color, moving away from the representational and into the abstract. He furthers this break with reality by his intentional use of misregistration, where the layers of color do not match up correctly, revealing the surface quality of the image.

26. Photography Photography is a technique of capturing optical images on light-sensitive surfaces. Anyone can take a photograph, but to make it a work of art, decisions have to be made regaurding the subject, composition, light conditions, lens opening, and shutter speed. Though technology has changed the way photographs are made, it still takes the artist’s eye to see the artist’s technical skills to make a work of art.

27. Dorothea Lange worked as a photojournalist for the U.S. government, documenting the problems of migrant workers during the Great Depression. What does this photo tell you about the financial status of these people. Dorothea Lange. Migrant Mother. 8” x 10”.

28. Sculpture Sculpture is Three-dimensional artwork that takes up space. Can be made of Wood Stone Metal Clay Etc.

29. Freestanding means surrounded on all sides by space. It can be viewed from all sides. Which elements has Jimenez used to make this sculpture unusual? Luis Jimenez. Vaquero. Modeled 1980, cast 1990. Fiberglass and epoxy. 16’6” high.

30. Relief is a type of sculpture in which forms project from a flat background. Relief sculptures are designed to be viewed only from the front. Artists use a variety of techniques and materials to create sculpture. The processes include modeling, carving, casting, and assembly.

31. Modeling – a process in which a soft, pliable material is built up and shaped. It is an additive process using materials such as clay, wax, and plaster. Carving – the sculptor cuts or chips a form from a mass of material. It is a subtractive process using materials such as wood and stone. Casting – in this process, melted metal or another liquid substance is poured into a mold to harden. The artist duplicates something originally created in wax, clay, or plaster, using a more permanent material. Assembly – in this process, the artist gathers and joins together a variety of different materials to construct a sculpture.

32. Here the artist combined casting and assembly. The assembly used here involves welding together pieces of metal. Can you name some of the natural object that have been collected, then cast? Nancy Graves. Zaga. 1983. Cast bronze with polychrome chemical patina. 72x49x32”.

33. Kinetic Sculptures http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= RshSaF_juGs

34. Crafts Crafts are objects that are hand-made that are often used in everyday life Art forms that are both beautiful and useful Can include Weaving Fabric design Ceramics Jewelry making Quilting Fine Art is art made to be experienced visually. Applied Art is art made to be functional as well as visually pleasing.

35. Example of crafts

36. The Work of Art The subject is the image viewers can easily identify in a work of art. Here, the subject is the soldiers, the white flag in the distance, and the sky. John Trumbull. The Sortie Made by the Garrison of Gibralter. 1789. Oil on canvas. 71” x 107”

37. Nonobjective art is art that has no recognizable subject matter. Wassily Kandinsky Swinging. 1925 Oil on board

38. The composition is the way the principles of design are used to organize the elements. Notice how Trumbull has organized the lines, values, shapes, and color to lead your eyes to the center of interest: the two figures lying on the ground. John Trumbull. The Sortie Made by the Garrison of Gibralter. 1789. Oil on canvas. 71” x 107”

39. The content is the message the work communicates. It may be an idea or a theme, or an emotion. Artists can take the same subject but have very different content. Dong Kingsman. Higher, Faster, and Farther. 1969. Watercolor on paper. 28” x 36”

40. Notice the difference between this piece and the one on the last slide. Both about the Nasa space program. Kingman’s painting interpreted the subject in terms of his Oriental Heritage, transforming it into a pagoda form. Dodd saw beyond the mechanical forms to portray the effect it has on our emotions. Lamar Dodd. Night Before Launch. 1969. Oil on canvas. 50 x 36”

41. The Credit Line A credit line is a list of important facts about a work of art. It appears usually beneath or next to the artwork

42. Understanding a Credit Line Name of the artist. Title of the work. This is always in italics. Year the work was created. Medium used by the artist. Size of the artwork. H x W or H x W x D if 3-D. Location of the work. Location names the gallery, museum, or collection in which the artwork is housed.

43. Read the credit line. What is the subject of this sculpture? Notice the composition. What does the body language portray? Looking at the composition, what message is being told? Was the artist successful? Henry Moore. Family Group. 1948-1949. Bronze (cast 1960). 59” x 46”. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York. A. Conger Goodyear Fund.

44. Recap of Chapter 1: What are the elements of art and the principles of design? What are the media used in drawing and painting. How you can improve your perceptual skills? What are the processes used in printmaking and sculpture? Name and identify the subject, composition, and content in a work of art.

45. Name and identify the subject, composition, and content in this work of art. Pablo Picasso, The Tragedy, 1903, oil on wood, 1.053 x.690 m (41 7/16 x 27 3/16 in.), National Gallery of Art, Washington, Chester Dale Collection