1. Medical Terminology A Living Language CHAPTER Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht SIXTH EDITION Cardiovascular System 5

2. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular System at a Glance Functions of Cardiovascular (CV) System  Distribute blood to all areas of body  Delivery of needed substances to cells  Removal of wastes continued on next slide

3. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular System at a Glance Organs of Cardiovascular System  Heart  Arteries  Capillaries  Veins

4. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Systems Illustrated

5. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Combining Forms angi/o – vessel aort/o – aorta arteri/o – artery ather/o – fatty substance atri/o – atrium cardi/o – heart coron/o – heart corpor/o – body continued on next slide

6. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Combining Forms embol/o – plug isch/o – to hold back myocardi/o – heart muscle phleb/o – vein sept/o – wall son/o – sound sphygm/o – pulse steth/o – chest continued on next slide

7. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Combining Forms thromb/o – clot valv/o – valve valvul/o – valve varic/o – dilated vein vascul/o – blood vessel vas/o – vessel, duct ven/o – vein ventricul/o – ventricle

8. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular System Suffixes –cardiaheart condition –manometerinstrument to measure pressure –olesmall –spasminvoluntary muscle contraction –tensionpressure –tonicpertaining to tone –ulesmall

9. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular System Prefixes di-two

10. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System Also called circulatory system Maintains distribution of blood throughout body Delivers oxygen and nutrients like glucose and amino acids to cells Picks up carbon dioxide and other waste products from cells and delivers to lungs, liver, and kidneys for elimination continued on next slide

11. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System Is composed of:  Heart  Blood vessels Arteries Capillaries Veins Divided into pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

12. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Systemic Circulation Between heart and cells of body Carries oxygenated blood away from left side of heart to body Carries deoxygenated blood from body to right side of heart

13. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulmonary Circulation Between heart and lungs Carries deoxygenated blood away from right side of heart to lungs Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left side of heart

14. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.1 A schematic of the circulatory system illustrating the pulmonary circulation picking up oxygen from the lungs and the systemic circulation delivering oxygen to the body.

15. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Muscular pump Made up of cardiac muscle fibers Could be called a muscle instead of an organ Beats an average of 60–100 beats per minute (bpm), or about 100,000 times a day continued on next slide

16. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Each time the muscle contracts:  Blood is ejected from heart  Pushed throughout body within blood vessels continued on next slide

17. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Located in the mediastinum  More to left side of chest  Directly behind sternum About size of a fist Shaped like upside-down pear Tip of heart at lower edge called the apex

18. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.2 Location of the heart within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

19. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Layers EndocardiumMyocardiumEpicardium Inner layer Lines heart chambers Smooth, thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through heart chambers Middle layer Thick muscle Contraction of this layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through blood vessels Outer layer Forms the visceral layer of pericardial sac Fluid between layers of pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats

20. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.3 Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart layers, and major blood vessels associated with the heart.

21. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Chambers Divided into four chambers  Two atria  Two ventricles Heart is divided into right and left sides by walls called the interatrial septum and interventricular septum.

22. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Atria Left and right upper chambers Receiving chambers Blood returns to atria in veins  Superior and inferior vena cava  Pulmonary veins

23. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ventricles Left and right lower chambers Pumping chambers  Thick myocardium Blood exits ventricles into arteries  Aorta  Pulmonary artery

24. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Valves Four valves in heart  Tricuspid  Pulmonary  Mitral  Aortic continued on next slide

25. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart Valves Act as restraining gates to control direction of blood flow Found at entrance and exit to ventricles Allow blood to flow only in forward direction by blocking it from returning to previous chamber

26. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Tricuspid Valve An atrioventricular valve Between right atrium and ventricle  Prevents blood in ventricle from flowing back into atrium continued on next slide

27. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Tricuspid Valve Has 3 leaflets or cusps

28. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulmonary Valve A semilunar valve  Valve looks like half moon Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery Prevents blood in artery from flowing back into ventricle

29. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mitral Valve An atrioventricular valve Between left atrium and ventricle Prevents blood in ventricle from flowing back into atrium continued on next slide

30. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Mitral Valve Also called bicuspid valve Has two cusps

31. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Aortic Valve A semilunar valve Between left ventricle and aorta Prevents blood in aorta from flowing back into ventricle

32. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.4 Superior view of heart valves illustrating position, size, and shape of each valve.

33. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 1.Deoxygenated blood from body enters relaxed right atrium via two large veins called:  Superior vena cava  Inferior vena cava

34. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 2.Right atrium contracts  Blood flows through tricuspid valve into relaxed right ventricle

35. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 3.Right ventricle contracts  Blood is pumped through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery  Carries blood to lungs

36. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 4.Relaxed left atrium receives blood that has been oxygenated by lungs  Blood enters left atrium from the four pulmonary veins continued on next slide

37. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 5.Left atrium contracts  Blood flows through mitral valve into relaxed left ventricle continued on next slide

38. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Flow Through the Heart 6.Left ventricle contracts  Blood is pumped through the aortic valve and into aorta  Largest artery in the body  Carries blood to all parts of body

39. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Systole and Diastole Heart chambers alternate between:  Relaxing to fill  Contracting to push blood forward Relaxation phase is diastole Contraction phase is systole

40. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.5 The path of blood flow through the chambers of the left and right side of the heart, including the veins delivering blood to the heart and arteries receiving blood ejected from the heart.

41. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart Autonomic nervous system controls heart rate  Therefore, no voluntary control over heart Special heart tissue conducts electrical impulses  Stimulate different chambers to contract in correct order

42. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart 1.Sinoatrial (SA) node, or pacemaker, is where electrical impulse begins  From SA node a wave of electricity travels through atria  Causing them to contract, or go into systole continued on next slide

43. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart 2.Next, atrioventricular node (AV) is stimulated 3.This node transfers stimulation wave to atrioventricular bundle (formerly bundle of His) continued on next slide

44. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart 4.Electrical wave travels down bundle branches within interventricular septum continued on next slide

45. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Conduction System of the Heart 5.Finally, Purkinje fibers in ventricular myocardium are stimulated 1.Results in ventricular systole

46. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.6 The conduction system of the heart; traces the path of the electrical impulse that stimulates the heart chambers to contract in the correct sequence.

47. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.7 An electrocardiogram (EKG) wave record of the electrical signal as it moves through the conduction system of the heart. This signal stimulates the chambers of the heart to contract and relax in the proper sequence.

48. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels Pipes that circulate blood through body Three types:  Arteries  Capillaries  Veins Lumen is the channel within blood vessels

49. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.8 Comparative structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins.

50. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Arteries Large thick-walled vessels Wall contains smooth muscle and can dilate or constrict As coronary arteries arteries travel through body they branch into progressively smaller vessels called arterioles. continued on next slide

51. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Arteries Carry blood away from heart  Towards either lungs or cells and tissues of body  Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs  Aorta carries oxygenated blood to body Coronary arteries supply myocardium

52. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.9 The coronary arteries.

53. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.10 The major arteries of the body.

54. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Capillaries Network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called a capillary bed Connecting unit between arteries and veins  Arterial blood flows into capillary bed  Venous blood flows out of capillary bed Location for:  Oxygen and nutrients to diffuse out  Carbon dioxide and wastes to diffuse in

55. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Veins Much thinner walls than arteries Much lower pressure system than in arteries  Have valves to insure blood flows only towards heart  Squeezing by skeletal muscles also assists blood return to heart Smallest veins are called venules continued on next slide

56. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Veins Carry blood towards the heart  From either the lungs or the cells and tissues of body  Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs  Superior and inferior vena cava carry deoxygenated blood from body

57. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulse and Blood Pressure Measurement of force exerted by blood against walls of a vessel May be affected by several characteristics of blood and blood vessels  Elasticity of arteries  Diameter of blood vessels  Viscosity of blood continued on next slide

58. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulse and Blood Pressure May be affected by several characteristics of blood and blood vessels  Volume of blood  Amount of resistance to blood flow

59. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulse and Blood Pressure During ventricular systole  Blood is under great pressure  Gives highest pressure, systolic  Top number of blood pressure reading Pulse felt at wrist or throat is the surge of blood caused by the heart contraction. continued on next slide

60. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Pulse and Blood Pressure During ventricular diastole  Blood isn't being pushed from heart at all  Blood pressure drops to lowest point, diastolic  Bottom number of blood pressure reading

61. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.11 The major veins of the body.

62. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms angi/o – vessel aort/o – aorta arteri/o – artery ather/o – fatty substance atri/o – atrium cardi/o – heart coron/o – heart copor/o – body continued on next slide

63. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms cutane/o – skin cyan/o – blue duct/o – to bring electr/o – electricity embol/o – plug hem/o – blood isch/o – to hold back lip/o – fat continued on next slide

64. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms my/o – muscle myocardi/o – heart muscle orth/o – straight pector/o – chest peripher/o – away from center phleb/o – vein pulmon/o – lung sept/o – wall continued on next slide

65. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms son/o – sound sphygm/o – pulse steth/o – chest thromb/o – clot valv/o – valve valvul/o – valve varic/o – dilated vein vas/o – vessel continued on next slide

66. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Combining Forms vascul/o – blood vessel ven/o – vein ventricul/o – ventricle

67. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes -acpertaining to -alpertaining to -arpertaining to -arypertaining to -ealpertaining to continued on next slide

68. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes -ectomysurgical removal -gramrecord -graphyprocess of recording -iacondition -icpertaining to continued on next slide

69. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes -itisinflammation -logystudy of -lyticdestruction -manometerinstrument to measure pressure -megalyenlarged -olesmall -omamass continued on next slide

70. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes -osepertaining to -osisabnormal condition -ouspertaining to -pathydisease -plastysurgical repair -rrhexisrupture -sclerosishardening -scopeinstrument for viewing continued on next slide

71. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Suffixes -spasminvoluntary muscle contraction -stenosisnarrowing -tensionpressure -ticpertaining to -tonicpertaining to tone -ulesmall

72. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Prefixes a- without anti- against brady- slow de- without endo- inner extra- outside of hyper- excessive hypo- insufficient continued on next slide

73. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Prefixes inter- between intra- within per- through peri- around poly- many continued on next slide

74. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Additional Prefixes re-again tachy- fast tetra- four trans- across ultra- beyond

75. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms aorticpertaining to the aorta arterialpertaining to an artery arteriolea small artery atrialpertaining to an atrium atrioventricular (AV, A-V) pertaining to the atrium and ventricle cardiacpertaining to the heart coronarypertaining to the heart interatrialpertaining to between the atria continued on next slide

76. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms interventricularpertaining to between the ventricles myocardialpertaining to the heart muscle valvularpertaining to a valve vascularpertaining to a blood vessel venouspertaining to a vein ventricularpertaining to a ventricle venulea small vein

77. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Anatomical Terms Interventricular   Pertaining to between the ventricles Arterial   Pertaining to a vein inter-+ -ar+ ventricul/o arteri/o+ -al continued on next slide

78. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Anatomical Terms Arteriole   A small artery Venule   A small vein arteri/o+ -ole ven/o+ -ule

79. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Specialties cardiology The branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Physician is a cardiologist. cardiovascular technologist/te chnician Healthcare professional trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography, echocardiography, and exercise stress tests.

80. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Signs and Symptoms angiitisinflammation of a vessel angiospasm involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessels; narrows the vessel angiostenosisnarrowing of a vessel bradycardia a slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute embolus obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site

81. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.12 Illustration of an embolus floating in an artery. The embolus will become lodged in a blood vessel that is smaller than it is, resulting in occlusion of that artery.

82. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Signs and Symptoms infarct area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply ischemia local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction murmur Sound, in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality orthostatic hypotension sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly palpitationspounding, racing heartbeats continued on next slide

83. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Signs and Symptoms plaque yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis regurgitation to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve tachycardia having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats per minute thrombus blood clot within a blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel

84. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.13 Development of an atherosclerotic plaque that progressively narrows the lumen of an artery to the point that a thrombus fully occludes the lumen.

85. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Signs and Symptoms Terms Angiospasm   Involuntary muscle spasm in a vessel Bradycardia   Condition of slow heart brady-+ -ia+ cardi/o angi/o+ -spasm continued on next slide

86. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Signs and Symptoms Terms Hypotension   Insufficient (blood) pressure Tachycardia   Condition of fast heart tachy-+ -ia+ cardi/o hypo-+ -tension

87. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart angina pectoris severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia arrhythmia irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening bundle branch block (BBB) electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down bundle branches; results in ventricles beating at different rate than atria; also called heart block cardiac arrestcomplete stopping of heart activity

88. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart cardiomegalyan abnormally enlarged heart cardiomyopathy myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcoholism; common reason for heart transplant congenital septal defect (CSD) hole, present at birth, in heart septum; allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood continued on next slide

89. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart congestive heart failure (CHF) left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema coronary artery disease (CAD) poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack endocarditis inflammation of lining membranes of heart; if cause is bacterial may have a bacterial colony form, called vegetation

90. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.14 Formation of an atherosclerotic plaque within a coronary artery; may lead to coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction.

91. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart fibrillation extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur flutter arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern heart valve prolapse cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation heart valve stenosis cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation continued on next slide

92. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Heart myocardial infarction (MI) occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack myocarditisinflammation of heart muscle layer pericarditisinflammation of pericardial sac tetralogy of Fallot combination of four congenital anomalies; pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires immediate surgery valvulitisinflammation of a heart valve

93. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.15 External and cross-sectional view of an infarct caused by a myocardial infarction.

94. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels aneurysm weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries arteriorrhexisa ruptured artery arteriosclerosis hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis atheroma deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque

95. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.16 Illustration of a large aneurysm in the abdominal aorta that has ruptured.

96. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels atherosclerosis most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall coarctation of the aorta (CoA) severe congenital narrowing of aorta hemorrhoidvaricose veins in anal region hypertension (HTN) high blood pressure; essential or primary hypertension is due to CV disease; secondary hypertension results from another disease

97. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.13 Development of an atherosclerotic plaque that progressively narrows the lumen of an artery to the point that a thrombus fully occludes the lumen.

98. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels hypotension decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth peripheral vascular disease (PVD) abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation phlebitisinflammation of a vein continued on next slide

99. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Blood Vessels polyarteritisinflammation of several arteries Raynaud's phenomenon periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure thrombophlebitis inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein varicose veins swollen and distended veins; often in the legs

100. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Pathology Terms Cardiomegaly   An enlarged heart Endocarditis   Inflammation of inner heart endo-+ -itis+ cardi/o cardi/o+ -megaly continued on next slide

101. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Pathology Terms Polyarteritis   Inflammation of many arteries Arteriosclerosis   Hardening of an artery poly-+ -itis+ arteri/o arteri/o+ -sclerosis

102. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Procedures auscultation listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope sphygmomanometer blood pressure cuff; measures blood pressure stethoscope instrument for listening to body sounds

103. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.17 Using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure. (Michal Heron, Pearson Education)

104. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Clinical Laboratory Tests cardiac enzymes blood test determines level of enzymes specific to heart muscle in blood; an increase may indicate heart muscle damage such as a myocardial infarction serum lipoprotein level blood test measures amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood; indicator of atherosclerosis risk

105. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Diagnostic Imaging angiogramX-ray record of a vessel angiography X-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel cardiac scan nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium; especially useful in determining myocardial damage continued on next slide

106. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Diagnostic Imaging Doppler ultrasonography using ultrasound to produce an image of blood flowing through blood vessels in order to determine velocity; indicates blood clots or deep vein thromboses echocardiography use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; especially valves

107. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiac Function Tests catheter flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels cardiac catheterization catheter is threaded through blood vessel to heart; detects abnormalities, collects cardiac blood samples, and determines blood pressure inside heart continued on next slide

108. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiac Function Tests electrocardiogram hardcopy record produced by electrocardiography electrocardiography (ECG, EKG) process of recording electrical activity of heart; able to diagnose arrhythmias and myocardial damage

109. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiac Function Tests Holter monitor portable ECG monitor worn by patient up to a few days to assess heart activity as person goes through daily activities stress testing evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a steadily increasing work load; EKC and oxygen levels are monitored throughout the test

110. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.18 Man undergoing a stress test on a treadmill while physician monitors his condition. (Jonathan Nourok/PhotoEdit Inc.)

111. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Diagnostic Terms Sphygmomanometer   Instrument to measure pulse pressure Angiography   Process of recording a vessel sphygm/o+ -manometer angi/o+ -graphy continued on next slide

112. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Diagnostic Terms Ultrasonography   Process of recording with high frequency sound Electrocardiogram   Record of heart's electricity ultra-+ -graphy+ son/o electr/o+ -gram+ cardi/o

113. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Procedures cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenate air for person in cardiac arrest; uses chest compressions and artificial respiration defibrillation procedure that converts irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, using an electric shock extracorporeal circulation (ECC) routing blood to a heart-lung machine during a surgical procedure

114. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.19 An emergency medical technician positions defibrillator paddles on the chest of a supine male patient. (Floyd Jackson, Pearson Education)

115. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Medical Procedures implantable cardioverter- defibrillator (ICD) device implanted into the heart to deliver an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm; especially helpful for ventricular fibrillation pacemaker implantation device implanted into the heart to substitute for the natural pacemaker; especially helpful for bradycardia thrombolytic therapy use of drugs, such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator, to dissolve clots and restore blood flow

116. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.20 Color enhanced X-ray showing pacemaker implanted in the left side of the chest and the electrode wires running to the heart muscle. (UHB Trust/Getty Images Inc.)

117. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Surgical Procedures aneurysmectomysurgical removal of an aneurysm arterial anastomosis surgical joining of two arteries when an artery is severed or a damaged section is removed atherectomysurgical removal of an atheroma coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) blood vessel from another location (often a leg vein) is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery embolectomysurgical removal of an embolus continued on next slide

118. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Surgical Procedures endarterectomy removal of the diseased inner lining of an artery; usually to remove atherosclerotic plaques heart transplant replacement of a diseased heart with a donor heart intracoronary artery stent placing a stent within a coronary artery; treats coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis ligation and stripping removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off (ligation) and then removed (stripping)

119. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.21 A) A catheter is used to place a collapsed stent next to an atherosclerotic plaque; B) stent is expanded; C) catheter is removed, leaving the expanded stent behind.

120. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Surgical Procedures percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel stent stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen valve replacement removal of diseased valve and replacement with an artificial valve valvoplastysurgical repair of a heart valve

121. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 5.22 Balloon angioplasty: A) deflated balloon catheter is approaching an atherosclerotic plaque; B) plaque is compressed by inflated balloon; C) plaque remains compressed after balloon catheter is removed.

122. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Therapeutic Terms Cardiopulmonary   Pertaining to the heart and lungs Thrombolytic   Destruction of a clot cardi/o+ -ary+ pulmon/o thromb/o+ -lytic continued on next slide

123. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Building Therapeutic Terms Extracorporeal   Pertaining to outside the body Intracoronary   Pertaining to within the heart extra-+ -eal+ corpor/o intra-+ -ary+ coron/o

124. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Pharmacology ACE inhibitor drugs produce vasodilation to decrease blood pressure Lotensin, Capoten antiarrhythmic reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias Tambocor, Corvert anticoagulant prevents blood clot formation Warfarin, Coumadin antilipidemic reduces blood cholesterol level Lipitor, Zocor antiplatelet agents inhibit ability of platelets to clump together in a blood clot Plavix, Ticlid continued on next slide

125. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Pharmacology beta- blocker drugs lowers heart rate to treat hypertension and angina pectoris Lopressor, Inderal calcium channel blocker drugs decreases force of heart beat to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure Cardizem, Procardia cardiotonic increases force of heart contraction to treat congestive heart failure Lanoxin continued on next slide

126. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Pharmacology diuretic increases urine production to reduce plasma volume to lower blood pressure Lasix thrombolytic dissolves existing blood clot Plavix, Activase continued on next slide

127. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Pharmacology vasoconstrictor contracts smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to raise blood pressure Aramine vasodilator relaxes smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to reduce blood pressure and increase blood flow to ischemic area Nitro-Dur, Vasodilan

128. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations AEDautomated external defibrillator AFatrial fibrillation AMIacute myocardial infarction ASarteriosclerosis ASDatrial septal defect ASHDarteriosclerotic heart disease AV, A-Vatrioventricular BBBbundle branch block continued on next slide

129. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations BPblood pressure bpmbeats per minute CABGcoronary artery bypass graft CADcoronary artery disease cathcatheterization CCcardiac catheterization, chief complaint CCUcoronary care unit CHFcongestive heart failure continued on next slide

130. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations CoAcoarctation of the aorta CPchest pain CPRcardiopulmonary resuscitation CSDcongenital septal defect CVcardiovascular DVTdeep vein thrombosis ECCextracorporeal circulation continued on next slide

131. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations ECG, EKGelectrocardiogram ECHOechocardiogram GOTglutamic- oxaloacetic transaminase HTNhypertension ICDImplantable cardioverter-defibrillator ICUintensive care unit IVintravenous continued on next slide

132. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations LVHleft ventricular hypertrophy MI myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency mm Hgmillimeters of mercury MRmitral regurgitation MSmitral stenosis MVPmitral valve prolapse continued on next slide

133. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations Ppulse PACpremature atrial contraction PDApatent ductus arteriosus PTCApercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PVCpremature ventricular contraction S1first heart sound S2second heart sound continued on next slide

134. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Abbreviations SA, S-Asinoatrial SGOTserum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase SKstreptokinase tPAtissue-type plasminogen activator V fibventricular fibrillation VSDventricular septal defect VTventricular tachycardia

135. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Sixth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen | Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Combining Forms Match Up angi/o cardi/o corpor/o embol/o pect/o a.plug b.heart c.body d.chest e.vessel