1. Introduction to nonferrous metal and alloys
Physical Metallurgy EBB222
Introduction to nonferrous metal and alloys

2. Overview of nonferrous metals
Light weight
Why nonferrous?
High strength to weight ratio
High temperature properties
Oxidation resistance
Nonferrous
Corrosion resistance
Biocompatibility
High cost
Thermal/electrical conductivity

3. Nonferrous metal and alloys2 1
High temperature service
Titanium
Nickel
Refractory alloys (molybdenum, niobium,tungsten, tantalum)
Superalloys
Aluminium
Magnesium
Copper 3
Low melting point alloy
Lead
Zinc
Tin 4 5
Beryllium
Zirconium
Precious metal
gold
silver
platinum 6
Shape-memory alloys 8
Metal Foams 7
Amorphous Alloys (Metallic Glasses) 9
Nanomaterials

4. General characteristics of nonferrous metals and alloy.

5. Nonferrous metals Aluminium and its alloys Magnesium and its alloys
There are different types of nonferrous metals which are
commercially used;
Aluminium and its alloys
Magnesium and its alloys
Copper and its alloys
Titanium and its alloys
Nickel and its alloys
Zinc and its alloys
Calculate the composition of Al-Li alloy that would float on water?

6. World consumption
Aluminium, titanium and magnesium alloys are increasingly used in recent years due to its attractive properties.
The reserves for these alloys are adequate for demands in centuries to come but will be controlled by future cost.
World production figure for
various metals and plastics

7. Major chemical elements availablle in earth
Aluminium is the most abundant metal in earth.

8. Density of metals Density (g.cm-3) Metal Iron 7.87 Steel 7.80
Aluminium
Magnesium
Titanium
Copper
Zinc
Nickel
Lead
Silver
Gold

9. Mechanical properties in comparison
Relationship of specific 0.2% proof stress with temperature
Titanium alloys have superior specific strength than steels or aluminium good for high strength where space is critical such as aircrafts

10. Cross sectional of a jet engine, showing various components and the alloys

11. Aluminium and its alloys
Advantages:
Building/
construction
Light weight
• High corrosion resistance
• High electrical and thermal
conductivities
• High ductility
• Easily deformable
Containers
Applications :
Car body
Building/construction
Container
Packaging
Transportation
Electrical conductors
Machinery/equipment
Light-weight bike
Equipment

12. Magnesium and its alloys
Applications
Advantages:
Used as alloying element for
aluminium, steel and nodular (SG)
cast iron.
• Die casting for aerospace
• Transport industry.
• Light weight bodies.
• Weight saving
• High machinability
Disadvantages:
Difficulty in melting
process due to high
reactivity
Handy cam & mobile
phone bodies
Magnesium side panels

13. Copper and its alloys Advantages: Applications
High electrical conductivity
• High thermal conductivity
• High corrosion resistance
• Good ductility and malleability
• Reasonable tensile strength.
• Electrical conductance
• Plating on components
• Give different copper alloys -brasses
and bronzes.
Copper plating
Copper trolley wires
Electronic products

14. Titanium and its alloys
Advantages:
Applications
High strength to weight ratio
• Moderate-high temperature
properties
• Corrosion resistance
• Biocompatibility
• Shape memory
Structure of high speed aircrafts
• 75% in aerospace
• Chemical industry
Disadvantages:
Turbine blades
High cost
• Difficulty in extraction
• Limited in high performance
applications
Hip-joint component
National science centre, Scotland

15. Nickel and its alloys Advantages: Applications
Tough and ductile
• Good high and low temperature
strength
• High oxidation resistance
• Good corrosion resistance
Applications required necessary
corrosion or heat- resisting properties
• Special engineering applications
• Turbine blades in combustion section
Disadvantages:
High cost
• Not normally mixed with cheaper
alloying metals
Aerospace flow bodies
Turbine blades

16. Zinc and its alloys Advantages: Applications Disadvantages:
Fast rate of die casting
• Excellent atmospheric
corrosion resistance.
• Ability to form a well-adhering
coating on steel.
Used for galvanic protection in
steel and decorative finish.
• Used in die casting.
Disadvantages:
• Cannot be strain hardened.
Zinc diecast
Zinc roof protection