1. Earthquake Scavenger Hunt Find the following at: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ 1.Largest earthquake in the world, ever. 2.Largest earthquake in U.S. 3.Country with the most earthquakes. 4.Where are most earthquakes located? 5.Which plate boundary has the largest, deepest EQs? 6.Where was the most recent EQ? (today) 7.Where is the New Madrid fault zone? 8.What causes a tsunami? How high can they get?

2. Where do most of the world’s earthquakes occur? Go to classzone.com Choose High School Earth Science in IL Choose our book Click Go to Website Fill in the code ES1001 Answer the questions on your sheet http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es1001/es1001page02.cfm

3. How and where Earthquakes form NOVA: Deadliest EQ’s http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/USGS real-time EQ’s

4. Read Section 10.1 (pp.214-5) and complete the following notes in your note books 1.How many, how often do earth quakes occur each year? 2.An earthquake is a....... Caused by a release of...... 3.EQ’s due to: ________, _________, _________, _______ 4. * MOST EQ’s are caused by...... 5.Define a fault: 6.___________ prevents the plates from moving. 7.The elastic rebound theory....... 8.What /where is the focus of an earthquake? 9.Where is the epicenter of an earthquake? 10.Shallow EQ depths of 30 km are at __________ boundaries Deep EQ depths of 700 km are at ___________ boundaries

5. Causes of earth “quaking” Nuclear bomb explosion Cavern collapsevolcanic eruption meteor impact

6. Earthquakes are caused by the motion along plate boundaries

7. Earthquakes are… Vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of… ENERGY Energy in the form of Mechanical waves that move through Earth’s crustal rock https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yi3LW5riHfc

8. Focus: the point in the earth’s crust that moves /shifts Epicenter: the location on the earth’s surface above the focus.

9. The waves spread out from the epicenter

10. Convergent boundary At convergent boundaries the ocean plate plunges under the continental plate. They scrape and produce large amounts of friction and deep earthquakes.

11. Transform boundary A FAULT : where the opposing (shearing) motion between two lithospheric plates moving in opposite direction

12. San Andreas Fault A break in the lithospheric crust along which movement occurs. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxPTLmg0ZCw&feature=relat ed&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxPTLmg0ZCw&feature=relat ed&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 (3 min)

13. Earthquakes occur at faults as plates move Laterally: strike-slip fault Down: normal fault Up: thrust fault

14. New Madrid Fault zone

15. Illinois has many faults and fractures, most in southern Illinois

16. New Madrid Fault Zone Under the sedimentary rock strata lies a series of ancient faults that shift and settle causing earthquakes

18. Do the Strike-slip Fault Investigation

19. Elastic Rebound Theory

20. Stress and strain builds along faults Friction prevents the plates from moving easily

21. Elastic rebound

23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-ts=1421914688&v=-5BgKKutxBs&x-yt- cl=84503534&feature=player_embedded

24. EQ prediction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFB- qpiKccshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFB- qpiKccs http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/earthqua ke/earthquakes-prediction-9-methods-to- predict-earthquake/13915/http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/earthqua ke/earthquakes-prediction-9-methods-to- predict-earthquake/13915/

25. PHENOMENON: What EVIDENCE do you have? OBJECTS: Define the system. What objects are interacting? MOTION: Describe the MOTION that in the model that explains your observations Unit: ___7_______ Topic: ___Earthquakes_______

26. PHENOMENON: What did you observe? What EVIDENCE do you have? OBJECTS: Define the system. What’s interacting? MOTION: Describe the MOTION in the model that explains your observations Haiti EQ was total destruction and 200,00 deaths in 60 seconds Largest EQ: Chili (9.4) Alaska (9.2) Internet investigation ES1001 “How are Earthquakes Related to Plate Tectonics? At www.classzone.com Strike-slip fault investigation: -The rubber bands stretch and the block doesn’t move, until it stretches too far then the block ‘jerks’ forward. This occurs repeatedly. Spaghetti strike-slip fault lab -The more pieces of spaghetti, the more friction to overcome and the more distance the plate moves Video clip of Haiti EQ The rock along Earth’ plate boundaries Earthquakes occur due to movements along faults at plate boundaries. Most earthquakes occur in zones around the Pacific Ocean (ring of fire) or the ocean ridge system that closely correlated with plate boundaries Large, deep EQs occur at convergent boundary where the dense ocean plate subducts deep under continent into mantle Most frequent EQ are magnitude 1-3 are at divergent boundaries in the ocean ridges. Earthquakes are vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of stored elastic potential energy Rocks "spring back" in a phenomenon called elastic rebound occurs as rock’s elastically returns to its original shape The focus—the place within Earth where earthquake waves originate Epicenter is the point on the surface directly above the focus

27. The story so far… Two tectonic plates do not flow past each other smoothly, but rather the faults that form their boundaries tend to stick or lock up for years at a time due to friction. Each year the portions of plates near locked faults move slowly a few millimeters and deform elastically. The more the plates are stretch and deformed, the greater the force is on the fault (shear stress). Eventually the force is sufficient to overcome the friction and make the plates break free of one another The elastic energy that has been stored up is released and ground vibrations. (seismic waves). This process of faulting is called stick-slip or elastic rebound.