1. 7.02 Analyze behaviors and their cultural significance Tina Marie Hunt, RN, BSN, HOE

2. Bias A preference that prevents impartial judgement Barrier to effective communication/relationship with others Examples: 1.Age: Young people are physically & mentally superior to older people 2.Job: Nurses are inferior to doctors

3. Ethnocentric People who believe in the supremacy of their own ethnic group Believe their cultural values are better than other people. Barrier to effective communication/relationship with others Example: 1.KKK 2.Holy Rollers

4. Prejudice Pre-judge A strong feeling or belief about a person or subject that is formed without reviewing the facts or information Individuals are usually afraid of things that are different Interferes with interpersonal relationships Everyone is prejudiced to some degree Barrier to effective communication/relationship with others

5. Stereotyping Occurs when an assumption is made that everyone in a particular group is the same Ignores individual characteristics Labels an individual Barrier to effective communication/relationship with others Example: 1.All blondes are dumb.

6. Holistic care Definition: Care for the well-being of the whole person.

7. Family organization Nuclear Extended

8. Family organization PatriarchalMatriarchal

9. Family organization Health care implications - where we live or who we live with affects our health care. Structure must be respected. 1.Determines who will provide care for other sick members and take part in tx plan 2.Determines who will decide medical care decisions

10. Language Dominant language in U.S. is ENGLISH What percent of U.S. population speaks a language other than English at home? 20% Health care workers must ask questions to determine the patient’s ability to communicate. When possible, find a translator.

11. Techniques for non-English speaking patients 1. Speak slowly and use simple words 2. Use gestures or pictures 3. Use non-verbal – smile and touch 4. DON’T speak louder 5. Learn a few essential words and phrases

12. Personal space and touch people from Various cultures often react to person space and touch differently Keep in mind that and not everyone from a specific culture or ethnic groups responds in exactly the same way.

13. Personal space and touch the distance people need to feel comfortable when interacting. Gender – cultural values will play a role in the gender of clients

14. Personal space and touch Close contact – comfortable standing very close to & even touching the person with whom they are interacting. distant contact – maintain their personal space and may not like to be touched.

15. Personal space and touch Arabs – touch, smell, & feel with whom they interact (close) French and Latin Americans – stand close while talking (close) Hispanic Americans – hugs & handshakes (close) European and African Americans – (distant) 2-6 ft apart, shake hands as greeting

16. Personal space and touch Asian Americans – stand close, do not touch, reserve kissing and hugging for intimate relationships (distant) Cambodia – never touch in public, only parent can touch head of child (distant) Vietnamese – allow only head of child to be touched by elders – head is considered sacred (distant)

17. Personal space and touch Middle Eastern countries – only men shake hands with men, men do not touch females who are not immediate family members, may refuse health care due to sex of provider (distant) Native Americans -feel personal space is important but will touch lightly another person’s hand in greeting (distant)

18. Eye contact Varies among culture understand that when someone from another culture does not maintain eye contact, it could be for cultural reasons.

19. Eye contact European Americans Maintaining eye contact sign of interest and trustworthiness

20. Eye contact Some Asian Americans consider direct eye contact to be rude. Native Americans – use peripheral vision and avoid direct eye contact, may regard direct stares as hostile and threatening Hispanic and African American – may use brief eye contact but then look away to indicate respect and attentiveness Muslim women avoid eye contact as a sign of modesty India – people of different socioeconomic classes may avoid eye contact with each other

21. Gestures Hand gestures mean different things in different countries Health care workers must be sensitive when using hand gestures

22. Gestures Examples : U.S. nodding head up and down is “yes” and back and forth is “no.” In India, it’s the exact opposite. In U.S. pointing is OK, but to many Asians and Native Americans, could represent a strong threat Hand gesture for OK can be insulting to some Asians