1. The New World Order Bush Years 1989-1993 Mr. Owens

2. Essential Questions What caused and resulted from the end of the Cold War? How did the end of the Cold War change American foreign policy and renew debates over America’s power and role in the world? What has caused economic inequality to increase in America since 1980?

3. 1988 Election Bush & Dan Quayle attack MA Gov. Michael Dukakis at a “tax & spend liberal” and “soft on crime” – Willie Horton Ad, & “weak on defense” Bush “Read my lips, no new taxes!”

4. End of Cold War Pro-Democracy Movement: Tiananmen Square Beijing 1989, crushed by Chinese government Eastern Europe elects non-communists: Poland “Solidarity” Lech Walesa 1989, followed by Hungary, Czech,, Bulgaria, & Romania (coup) & fall of Berlin Wall – German reunification 1990 1990 Baltic States declared independence Failed Coup of Soviet hardliners START I Treaty 1991 Bush & Gorbachev reduced nuclear warheads to 10,000 December 1991 USSR is dissolved START II Bush & Boris Yeltsin new Russia leader reduced nukes to 3,000 each & US economic help

5. Panama & Gulf War Panama Invasion 1989 to oust General Manuel Noriega for drug pipeline Bush calls for a “New World Order” of peace & democracy Gulf War 1991 Iraq under Saddam Hussein invades oil rich Kuwait August 1990 Bush built UN member coalition including Saudi Arabia & UN embargo against Iraq Congress approves use of force “Operation Desert Storm” January 1991 500,000 US forces & allies drove Iraq out of Kuwait in 100 hours of fighting Decision not to invade & remove Hussein Bush’s approval rating 90%

6. Domestic Problems Clarence Thomas hearings to replace Thurgood Marshall on SC, confirmed despite sexual harassment allegations from Anita Hill Savings & Loan crisis, scandal & $250 billion bailout 1990 Recession and rising unemployment, gap between rich & poor Continuing budget deficit pressure Bush to agree to tax hike (up from 28 to 31%) & beer, wine, cigarette, gas & luxury tax. Significance? Despite call for “a kindler and gentler nation” he opposed direct government action instead favored “a thousand points of light” volunteers. Racial tensions: 1992 LA Riots, Rodney King beating March 1991, Riots April 29-May 4 th 1992, 53 deaths $1 billion damages. Largest since NY Draft Riots in 1864.

7. 1992 Election Recession, budget deficits, & gridlock = anti-incumbent mood, term limits & 27 th Amendment Gov. Bill Clinton Ark, & Al Gore (both Southern Baby Boomers) run as a “new Democrat” focus on economic issues “It’s the economy stupid” H. Ross Perot Texas billionaire runs on anti-Washington & deficit Democrats win both houses & more diversity 66 minorities & 48 women and Carol Mosley-Braun of Illinois 1 st black woman Senator