1. Bush I and Clinton Use the packet given to you and the last few subsections in the Enduring Vision for additional info (p. 1056-1082).

2. George H.W. Bush 1989-1993 Son of a Wall Street banker and Senator, from CT WWII naval pilot Moved to TX: oil business 2 terms in Congress Many high-level appointments; CIA director; Vice President to Reagan “I’m a conservative, but I’m not a nut about it.” Vice President: Dan Quayle Campaign promise: “Read my lips- no new taxes.” Wins 1988 election easily over Michael Dukakis; Democrats held the House and Senate.

3. 1989: A year of shocking international events Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China: pro- democracy students demonstrated for freedom Chinese Communist government crushed the protests

4. Invasion of Panama Dec 1989 Bush invaded Panama to overthrow dictator Manuel Noriega; troops remained until a new democratic government was formed

5. 1989: The twilight of the Cold War Gorbachev stops supporting Communist governments in Eastern Europe Poland: Lech Walesa, Solidarity elected Communist governments fall in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, East Germany- the Berlin Wall falls! The following year, Germany was reunified as one country!

6. The end of the Soviet Union START I and II: Bush works to reduce nuclear weapons wit Soviets/Russians 1990 and 1991: republics declare their independence Communist Party dissolved Democracy, free-market capitalism

7. The Persian Gulf War Saddam Hussein/Iraq invades Kuwait on Aug 2, 1990 Coalition of 29 nations cooperate in “Operation Desert Storm” 5 weeks of bombing, 500,000 troops; 100 hours of fighting and it was over! Hussein remained in power At the conclusion of the war, Bush was at 89% approval

8. The end of the “Vietnam syndrome?”

9. Domestic affairs Americans With Disabilities Act, 1990 Bush nominated conservative African American justice Clarence Thomas Savings and loan scandal: bailouts cost $250 billion Annual budget deficits over over $250 billion Bush accepted a plan to raise taxes $133 billion: top tax rate increased to 31%, new taxes on alcohol, gas, etc. Recession (caused in part by the cancellation of defense contracts at the end of The Cold War)

10. The 1992 Election

11. Bill Clinton 1993-2001 1 st Baby Boomer President Governor of Arkansas (first elected at age 32!) “The Natural” “New Democrat” “The 3 rd way” Vice President: Al Gore

12. Domestic affairs “Don’t ask, don’t tell” policy in military First Lady leads universal health care task force; defeated Family and Medical Leave Act Brady Handgun Bill: 5 day waiting period Anti-Crime Bill/assault weapons ban Deficit reduction: spending cuts and tax increases NAFTA: free trade with Canada and Mexico

13. 1994 Republican Revolution http://www.history.com/this-day-in- history/the-republican-revolution http://www.history.com/this-day-in- history/the-republican-revolution Republicans win the House and the Senate for the first time in 40 years. Speaker: Newt Gingrich “The Contract With America” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_with _America http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_with _America The conflict between Clinton and Gingrich led to to two government shutdowns in 1995

14. Oklahoma City Bombing, 4/19/1995; 168 killled

15. “It’s the economy, stupid!” After Clinton’s reelection in 1996, the US was on a path to a balanced budget; welfare reform, etc. The first federal surplus in decades! 10 million new jobs by 1996; longest period of continuous economic growth ever. Tech boom Low inflation Stock market boom: 22% increase per year! 4x the number of millionaires! Unemployment dropped to 3.9%

16. Scandal and impeachment Monica Lewinsky -> December, 1998: The House of Representatives voted to impeach Clinton on two counts: perjury and obstruction of justice; the Senate does not convict (2/3 majority needed)

17. Foreign affairs Somalia civil war, 1993: peacekeeping troops killed: “Black Hawk Down” 20,000 troops sent into Haiti in 1994 Balkan wars: Serbs killed hundreds of thousands of people fighting for independence in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Kosovo: “ethnic cleansing” UN forces intervened in Bosnia in ‘95, Kosovo in ’99 New nuclear nations: North Korea, India, Pakistan Clinton continued sanctions and air strikes against Saddam Hussein, who continued to defy UN weapons inspectors Israeli-Palestinian peace process Globalization

18. Important trends Increasing diversity Aging population Decline of the traditional two parent family Homeownership increases Growing concentration of wealth in in the top 2/5; lowest 3/5 in decline The lone superpower in the world!