1. Behaviors Affecting Bone Health and vitamin D level among Adolescent Females Al-Raddadi Rajaa, Bahijri Suhad, Al-Raddadi Zeyad, Borai Anwar Research Project Sponsored by KACST

2. The authors declare they have no conflict of interest with the content of this work

3. Introduction  Prevention of osteoporosis begins in childhood and adolescence because most of the bone mass is accumulated during the first two decades of life, with 90 to 95% of an adult’s bone mineral being achieved by the end of adolescence.

4. Introduction  Several modifiable risk factors influence bone health including:  low consumption of dairy products  physical inactivity  low level of sun exposure  Smoking  excessive consumption of soft drinks,caffeine and vitamin D deficiency.

6. 2- Accelerated bone loss Mechanism of developing osteoporosis 1- Sub optimal bone growth during childhood and adolescence ( low Peak Bone Mass) 1- Sub optimal bone growth during childhood and adolescence ( low Peak Bone Mass) 3- Bone loss secondary to disease conditions, eating disorders, or certain medications.

7. Determinants of Peak Bone Mass

8. Introduction  Targeting modifiable behaviors among adolescents have an important effect for the attainment of adequate peak bone mass and future fracture risk.

9. Objectives  To estimate the prevalence of the behaviors affecting bone health and vitamin D status  To identify the factors associated with Vitamin D deficiency amongst Saudi adolescent females.

10. Methodology  Design: A cross-sectional analytic study  Setting: secondary schools in Jeddah City

12. Methodology  Population: adolescent females in the secondary school in Jeddah city  Sample: randomly selected 412 adolescent females.

13. Methodology Data Collection Questionnaire Weight and Height Blood sample for Vit D and IPTH

14. Questionnaire 1.Demographic data 2.Dairy products 3.Other sources of Vitamin d 4.Sun Exposure  Students were asked to self-report their overall frequency of direct exposure to sunlight. Further questions assessed whether subjects used solar protection, such as using sun cream, wearing long sleeves. They are also asked questions about physical activities, smoking and calcium and vitamin D supplementation

15. Diagnosis

16. Methodology  Statistical analysis: Chi square and ANOVA were used to identify the association between vitamin D status and the independent variables.

17. Results  This study included a total of 421 students.  The mean age was 17.2 with a Standard deviation of 1.2.

18. Dairy products Consumption

19. Drinks

20. Other behaviors

21. supplementation  Vitamin D, 12.4%

22. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency

23. Prevalence of Vit D Deficiency and IPTH Vitamin D Status Deficiency % Insufficient % Normal % IPTcatNormal High 62.524.313.2 96.61.7

24. Factors associated with Vitamin D deficiency  No significant association between Vitamin D level and:  Demographic characteristics.  Milk and milk product consumption  Other dietary sources of Vitamin D  Sun Exposure

25. Conclusion  This study indicates that Saudi female adolescents at significant risk of developing osteoporosis based on the prevalence of risky behaviors include low consumption of dairy products, high consumption of soft drink, low exercise level, low sun exposure and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency