1. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Mapping Free State Provincial Land-Cover using 2009 SPOT5 satellite imagery Stuart Martin Director, GeoTerraImage Pty Ltd (GTI) Mapping Free State Provincial Land-Cover using 2009 SPOT5 satellite imagery Stuart Martin Director, GeoTerraImage Pty Ltd (GTI)

2. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Introduction What is land-cover mapping? What is the land-cover product? How is the land-cover data been created? Project progress Summary

3. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 What is land-cover Mapping? The objective of any classification scheme is to simplify the real world in order to facilitate communication and decision making.

4. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 What is land-cover Mapping? “ … a map that did not generalise would be useless. But the value of a map depends on how well its generalised geometry and content reflect a chosen aspect of reality. (Monmonier, “How to lie with maps”, 1992, p25).

5. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 What is land-cover Mapping? Land-cover information : All the natural and man-made features that cover the earth’s immediate surface, including vegetation (natural or planted) and human constructions (buildings, roads etc) … water, ice, bare rock or sand surfaces …

6. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 What is land-cover Mapping? Land-use information : The human activity that is associated with a specific land-unit, in terms of utilisation, impact or management practice …

7. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 What is land-cover Mapping? Land-cover information : Only one land-cover associated with a point on the earths surface, but this can be associated with several land-uses.

8. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Why are we mapping land-cover? Land-cover is a critical information requirement for the Province’s Biodiversity Plans, Conservation Plans and Environmental Management Frameworks (IDP’s and SDF’s) Detailed, up-to-date land-cover data provides managers with a baseline inventory on the current status of the Provinces natural resources, and potential land-use conflicts.

9. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Extent of Transformation in the NW Province

10. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Protected Areas Expansion Plan

11. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Identifying Critical Biodiversity Areas

12. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 How is the land-cover data been created? Land-cover mapped from digital satellite imagery NLC 1994 (Space Maps) Imagery sourced from SPOT5 satellite (2009)

13. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 How is the land-cover data being created? SPOT5 image frame Size: 60 x 60 km Date: 18/9/2009 Ref: 130-408

14. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 How is the land-cover data being created? Close-up of Mangaung

15. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 How is the land-cover data being created ? Very high mapping scale & detail possible SPOT5 imagery based on 10m x 10m pixels (Minimum mapping unit is 0.1 ha) Comparable to 1:30,000 scale mapping Digital data to facilitate future GIS applications

16. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Geographical extent of SPOT5 Images (65 images)

17. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 How is the land-cover data being created ? 65 x SPOT5 image frames cover Free State Province Only single image acquisition dates per frame SPOT5 images acquired in different seasons!

18. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Seasonal variation in SPOT5 image acquisition dates

19. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 How is the land-cover data being created ? Digital data allows computer-based mapping Automated and manual mapping techniques 2.5m Mosaic (Natural Colour) 10m Multi-spectral Objective to create a single, seamless land- cover digital (GIS) map product for the entire Free State Province

20. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 How is the land-cover data being created ? Pre-mapping client workshop used to define preliminary land-cover legend, to ensure all information requirements, are met Level 1 – 12 Classes Level 2 – 54 Classes Some modifications to land-cover legend may be required during actual mapping due to limitations in image data

21. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Land-Cover Legend List for Free State Province (Level 1) 1Forest & Woodland (3) 2Thicket, Bushland & Tall Fynbos (5) 3Shrubland & Low Fynbos (4) 4Herbland (1) 5Grassland (3) 6Forest Plantations (6) 7Water Bodies (3) 8Wetlands (4) 9Barren Land (8) 10Cultivated Lands (7) 11Urban & Built up (8) 12Mines & Quarries (2)

22. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Land-Cover Legend Hierarchy Level 1Level 2 1 Forest & Woodland 1FOREST 2WOODWOODLAND 3O_WOODOPEN WOODLAND 2 Thicket, Bushland and Tall Fynbos 4THICKET 5SCRUB_FSCRUB FOREST 6O_BUSHOPEN BUSHLAND 7B_CLUMPBUSH CLUMPS 8H_FYNBOSHIGH FYNBOS I HEATHLAND 3 Shrubland and Low Fynbos 9SHRUBLOW SHRUBLAND 10S_SHRUBSPARSE LOW SHRUBLAND 11SR_SHRUBSPARSE LOW SHRUBLAND (gravel/rocky substrate) 12LOW_FYNBOSLOW FYNBOS I HEATHLAND 4Herbland 13HERBLNDHERBLAND 5Grassland 14S_GRASSSPARSE GRASSLAND 15SR_GRASSSPARSE GRASSLAND (gravel/rocky substrate) 16PLT_GRASSCULTIVATED - IRRIGATED GRASSLANDS

23. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Level 1Level 2 6 Forest Plantations 17PLT_PINEPLANTATIONS & WOODLOTS (Pine) 18PLT_EUCPLANTATIONS & WOODLOTS (Eucalyptus) 19PLT_WTTLPLANTATIONS & WOODLOTS (Wattle) 20PLT_OTHRPLANTATIONS & WOODLOTS (Other) 21PLT_CFLDPLANTATIONS & WOODLOTS (Clear-felled) 22PLT_WNDPLANTATIONS & WOODLOTS (Woodlots and Windbreaks) 7Waterbodies 23A_WATERWATERBODIES (Artificial open water) 24N_WATERWATERBODIES (Natural open water: non-pans) 25NP_WATERWATERBODIES (Natural open water: pans) 8Wetlands 26NP_WETWETLANDS (Non-pan vegetated) 27P_WETWETLANDS (Vegetated pans) 28D_PANWETLANDS (Non-vegetated, dry pans) 29RIP_WETRIPARIAN COMMUNITY (All vegetation types)

24. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Level 1Level 2 9 Barren Land 30BARENATURAL NON-VEGETATED (Non-rock) 31RK_BARENATURAL NON-VEGETATED (Bare rock) 32PAN_SALNON-VEGETATED Salinization) 33DONGAEROSION FEATURES (Dongas) 34SHEETEROSION FEATURES (Sheet erosion) 35DEGRADEDISTURBED / DEGRADED (significant local vegetation cover loss) 36LANDFILLURBAN LAND-FILLS 37FEEDLOTAGRICULTURAL FEEDLOTS 10 Cultivated Lands 38ORCHDCULTIVATED - IRRIGATED PERMANENT (orchards, vinyards) 39P_PEARCULTIVATED - NON-IRRIGATED PERMANENT (pricklv pear) 40DRY_CROPCULTIVATED - DRYLAND COMMERCIAL ANNUALS 41SUB_CROPCULTIVATED – DRYLAND SUBSISTENCE ANNUALS 42IRR_CROPCULTIVATED - IRRIGATED ANNUALS (non-pivot) 43PVT_CROPCULTIVATED - IRRIGATED ANNUALS (pivot) 44OLD_CROPCULTIVATED - OLD FIELDS

25. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Level 1Level 2 11 Urban / Built up 45RESIDRESIDENTIAL 46COMMCOMMERCIAL 47IND-TRSPINDUSTRIAL I TRANSPORT 48BATTERYINTENSIVE ANIMAL BREEDING BATTERIES 49GREENHGREENHOUSES 50VILLAGERURAL SCATTERED DWELLINGS I DISPERSED VILLAGES 51SMALL_HSMALLHOLDINGS 52ESTATERURAL COUNTRY RESIDENTIAL SECURITY ESTATES 12 Mines & Quarries 53MINE_TMINES (surface extraction & tailings) 54MINE_IMINES (surface infrastructure)

26. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 How has the land-cover data been created ? Pre-mapping aerial survey of the entire Free State Province undertaken to capture an extensive database of GPS-location defined aerial photographs. Aerial photographs used by image analysts for both land-cover interpretation during image classification, and for final map accuracy assessment.

27. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Free State Province Aerial Survey 5,504 x reference aerial photos (digital) with GPS coordinates (1,509 have been classified) 54.4 hours of flying (21 sorties) 9 x days total flying, –13 to 14 April 2010 (Robinson R44) (992 NM) –14 to 21 May 2010 (Ikarus C42) (3,711 NM)

28. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Free State Province Aerial Survey

29. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Free State Province Aerial Survey: examples All digital photos supplied as a GIS-enabled database

30. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Free State Province Aerial Survey

31. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Free State Province Aerial Survey

32. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Free State Province Aerial Survey

33. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Amphitheatre

34. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Kimberley

35. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Pollution

36. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 What is the Land-Cover Product ? Seamless digital GIS land-cover data coverage Raster data format (10 m pixel frame) Legend complimentary to other land-cover data e.g. national NLC94 & NLC2000 (a.k.a SANS 1877) international FAO LCCS formats

37. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 2006, 2000 and 1994 Legends North-West Province 2006 2000 1994

38. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 1994 + 2000 + 2005 Major land cover changes and rates of transformations

39. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Example : Full, Basic & Transformed land-cover products

40. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 KZN 2005 Transformation Layer

41. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project Completed –Water Bodies –Animal batteries –Feedlots

42. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project Water Bodies

43. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project Feedlots / Animal Batteries (red)

44. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project In progress –Golf estates –Mining and erosion –Prickly pears –Greenhouses –Urban landfills –Forestry –Bare Rock

45. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project Golf Courses / Estates

46. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project Human Settlements

47. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project Field Boundaries

48. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project Erosion / Mining (purple)

49. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Status of mapping project Forestry / Bare Rock

50. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Challenges Stratification of the province –North East –West –South Serious erosion issues (sheet and donga) Slangbos infestation –Overgrazing and degradation –Karoid shrub –Land Type 3 and 4

51. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Conclusion Suitable Environmental Baseline Data to support the tools for Conservation Planning Critical input into EMF’s, IDP’s and SDF’s

52. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010 Conclusion One of the leading Provinces in terms of Land Cover mapping Consider the applicability of this data outside of DTEEA in support of future updates –Budgeting –Legend (Content) –Image acquisition dates and seasons

53. GISSA Free State, 17 September 2010