1. C HAPTER 13 Immigration, Expansion, and Sectional Conflict 1840-1848

2. AP F OCUS German and Irish immigrants Nativist sentiment Immigration and the industrial revolution Whigs and Democrats Manifest Destiny Territorial expansion and sectional controversy The Mexican-American War

3. N EWCOMERS AND N ATIVES 1860- German & Irish immigrants make up ¾ of immigrants

4. N EWCOMERS AND N ATIVES Primary reason to immigrate: economic prosperity Germans Left due to political instability Farmers (primarily) Irish Left due to famine Poor, Catholic, manual laborers Resented free blacks

5. N EWCOMERS AND N ATIVES [NO VIDEO]

6. N EWCOMERS AND N ATIVES Nativism Anti–immigrant policy Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) ruled that labor unions were not illegal monopolies that restrained trade Irish & German immigrants supported the Democratic Party

7. T HE W EST AND B EYOND Trading links develop from east coast, midwest, to west coast Santa Fe Trail Mexican people ( Californios, New Mexico) depended on America traders

8. T HE W EST AND B EYOND Texas Revolution, 1836 Alamo - An abandoned mission where 200 Texans battled Santa Anna’s army. EQ 4- The Battle of the Alamo provided a rallying point for Texans in their struggles against Mexico. Sam Houston- Military leader and president of the Republic of Texas.

9. T HE W EST AND B EYOND [NO VIDEO]

10. P HONY D OCUMENT E XERCISE Read the document titled: The Alamo Deconstructed Watch the video and identify whether the statement is True or False If it’s false, line it out and write in the correct response Ex. “The Alamo is the name of a fort in Mexico.” Texas

11. P HONY D OCUMENT E XERCISE

12. Trade & grade the phony document with your neighbor Write CB: [Your name] at the bottom Total out of /20

13. T HE P OLITICS OF E XPANSION, 1840-1846 James K. Polk- wins 1844 election Supported TX annexation Demonstrated U.S. support to expand west John L. O’Sullivan coined the phrase “Manifest Destiny” EQ1- “Manifest Destiny" is the belief that the United States had a mission to spread American ideals across the continent

14. T HE M EXICAN -A MERICAN W AR AND I T ’ S A FTERMATH, 1846-1848 Causes of the Mexican-American War Mexico owed the U.S. $2 million Anti- Mexican sentiment Annexation of Texas Mexicans feared the U.S. might attempt to seize other provinces

15. T HE M EXICAN -A MERICAN W AR AND I T ’ S A FTERMATH, 1846-1848

16. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) Mexico ceded Texas, New Mexico, and California U.S. assumes $2 million debt; paid Mexico $15 million

17. M ANIFEST D ESTINY (P RIMARY S OURCE Q&A) Pull out a new sheet of paper Title it: Manifest Destiny Number 1-3 (front) Number 4-6 (back) Manifest Destiny 1. 2. 3.

18. M ANIFEST D ESTINY (P RIMARY S OURCE Q&A) With your partner, read the “Primary Quotes” Next 6 slides Answer the following questions in complete sentences You must cite at least one of the quotes in your answer Manifest Destiny 1. 2. 3.

19. M ANIFEST D ESTINY (P RIMARY S OURCE Q&A) Reading 1: “Our manifest destiny [is] to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.” John L. O'Sullivan, 1845

20. M ANIFEST D ESTINY (P RIMARY S OURCE Q&A) Reading 2: “Texas has been absorbed into the Union as the inevitable fulfillment of the general law which is rolling our population westward....It was disintegrated from Mexico in the natural course of events, by a process perfectly legitimate on its own part, blameless on ours.... California will, probably next fall away from...Mexico...imbecile and distracted...The Anglo- Saxon foot is already on its borders....All this without agency of our government, without responsibility of our people--in the natural flow of events, the spontaneous working of principles....” Democratic Review, 1845

21. M ANIFEST D ESTINY (P RIMARY S OURCE Q&A) Reading 3: “Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil. She has proclaimed that hostilities have commenced and that the two nations are now at war. As war exists, and, notwithstanding all our efforts to avoid it, exists by the act of Mexico herself, we are called upon by every consideration of duty and patriotism to vindicate with decision the honor, the rights, and the interests of our country.” Polk's War Message, 1846

22. M ANIFEST D ESTINY (P RIMARY S OURCE Q&A) Reading 4: “How does it become a man to behave toward this American government today? I answer that he cannot without disgrace be associated with it. I cannot for an instant recognize that political organization as my government which is the slave's government also.” Henry David Thoreau

23. M ANIFEST D ESTINY (P RIMARY S OURCE Q&A) Reading 5: “Now we ask, whether any man can coolly contemplate the idea of recalling our troops from the [Mexican] territory we at present occupy...and...resign this beautiful country to the custody of the ignorant cowards and profligate ruffians who have ruled it for the last twenty-five years? Why humanity cries out against it. Civilization and Christianity protest against this reflux of the tide of barbarism and anarchy.” New York Evening Post, 1848

24. M ANIFEST D ESTINY (P RIMARY S OURCE Q&A) Reading 6: “Have not results in Mexico taught the invincibility of American arms?...The North Americans will spread out far beyond their present bounds. They will encroach again and again upon their neighbors. New territories will be planted, declare their independence, and be annexed. We have New Mexico and California! We will have Old Mexico and Cuba! The isthmus cannot arrest--nor even the Saint Lawrence!! Time has all of this in her womb. A hundred states will grow up where now exists but thirty.” DeBow's Commercial Review, 1848