1. Mitotic Cell Cycle DNA Replication

2. G1SG2 G1 M-Phase

4. Binding site for Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) (ORC)

5. (G1 Phase) (G2 Phase) Semi-Conservative DNA Replication

8. Completing Synthesis of the Lagging Strand (5’ to 3” exonuclease) * *

9. DNA Polymerase “proof reading”

10. Thymine Tautomers Pairs with Adenine Pairs with Guanine (common form) (rare form)

11. End Replication Problem Final RNA primers removed Second round of DNA replication First round of DNA replication * * * * A

12. Telomere Synthesis

14. Normal Cell Telomeres Short Telomeres Apoptosis

16. Telomerase Inhibitor Apoptosis Telomostatin

17. Cohesion of Sister Chromatids

18. Interphase and M-Phase Chromosomes

19. Condensation of Chromatids

20. Kinetochore Pg. 645

21. Kinetochore

22. Mitotic Spindle

24. Pg. 641 MetaphaseAnaphase

25. Start of Anaphase P

26. Anaphase “A” and “B”

27. Nuclear Lamina

28. Pg. 576

30. Control Points in the Mitotic Cell Cycle Positive Control by Cyclin/Cdk Negative Control By p53

31. Cyclin Protein Levels Vary During the Cell Cycle

32. Pg. 257 Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation Proteasome Peptides + Ub Protein Ub-Ub-Ub Protein + Ub APC (Ubiquitin Ligase)

33. Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle Expression of M-cyclin Gene Expression of S-cyclin Gene Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis

34. (RTK) (Ras-MAP Kinase) Activation of “S-Phase Genes” Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates Rb Protein

35. Inactivating the Cyclin/Cdk Complex Active Cdc4 Ubiqutin Ligase

36. Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle Expression of M-cyclin Gene Expression of S-cyclin Gene Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis

37. Cell Cycle Checkpoints

38. The p53 Cell Cycle Checkpoint DNA Repair System Apoptosis or Short Telomeres

39. Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle Expression of M-cyclin Gene Expression of S-cyclin Gene Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis

40. Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates Nuclear Lamins M-Cyclin/Cdk

41. Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates APC M-Cyclin/Cdk P

42. Normal Cell Apoptotic Cell

43. The “Death” Receptor

44. Release of Cytochrome C from Mitochondria Pg. 628

45. Caspase Activation Pg. 627

46. Caspase Cascade Pg. 627

47. Overview of Mammalian Development

48. (~ 9 weeks)

49. Asymmetric Cell Divisions of Meiosis (Metaphase II) (Mitosis)

50. Egg Cell and Sperm Cells Pg. 661

51. 8 cell Embryo (morula) “Cleavage” Divisions 50 µm

52. Blastocycst Uterus Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass (ICM) 50 µm Trophoblast Blastocoel

53. Early Embryonic Development (~ 7 days)

54. Drosophila melanogaster (a.k.a. Fruit Fly)

55. The eyeless (ey) Gene Controls Eye Development

56. Pg. 288 Ectopic Expression of ey Gene

57. Expression of ey Gene in Leg Precursor Cells

58. Pg. 288 Ectopic Expression of Mouse ey Gene Group of cells that give rise to adult wing

59. Expression of Mouse ey Gene in Wing Precursor Cells

62. Homeotic Genes

63. HoxD13 mutation Synpolydactyl Phenotype

64. Stem Cell Concept Signal Molecules? Pg. 721

65. Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells Pg. 724 Signal E Signal D Signal C Signal B Signal A IVF “Stem Cell Line”

66. Colony of Embryonic Stem Cells

67. Teratomas Neural epithelia Retinal epithelia Bone Cartilage

68. Pg. 725 “enucleated egg” “Donor” Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Reconstructed Zygote

69. Pg. 725 “enucleated egg” “Donor” Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Reconstructed Zygote

70. Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Embryos? November 20, 2007