1. You Will Need  Notebook  Black or Blue Pen  Highlighter  Wrists of “steel”  Key Issue 2 is due tomorrow!!!!

2. Chapter 10 Agriculture Key Issue 3 Where Are Agricultural Regions in MDCs?

3. Commercial Agriculture in MDCs 1. Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming 2. Dairy Farming 3. Grain Farming 4. Livestock Ranching 5. Mediterranean Agriculture 6. Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming

4. Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming Both Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming are commonly found in the U.S. west of the Appalachians and east of the 98 degrees west longitude and in much of Europe from France to Russia. Typical MC & LFs devote nearly all of their land to growing crops, but get more than ¾ of its income from selling animal products.

5. Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming Workload distribution: A. Fields require less attention in winter than in the spring, when crops are planted, and in the fall when they are harvested. B. Livestock requires year long attention. 1. Planters only receive income during harvest season. 2. Can receive income all year around from livestock.

6. Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming Crop Rotation: The farm is divided up into a number of fields, and each field is planted on a planned cycle often of several years. Cereal grains: Such as oats, wheat, rye, or barley, were planted in Field A one year, while Field B was left fallow. The following year Field be was planted and Field A was left unplanted “Rest” crop – a crop which helps to restore the field.

8. Dairy Farming

9.  In the 21 st Century, India has become the world’s largest milk producer.  2 nd is the United States  3 rd is China  4 th is Pakistan  5 th is Russia

11. Dairy Farming Milkshed: The ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling. Some distant regions specialize is “milk products” like cheese and butter rather than fluid milk because these products stay fresh longer.

12. Dairy Farming  Challenges for Dairy Farmers: Dairy farmers face economic difficulties because the market fluctuates. Labor-intensive = cows must be milked twice a day, every day. Milking is usually done by machines. Winter Feed = it is expensive to feed cows during the winter months. Farmers usually purchase hay or grain for winter feed.

13. Grain Farming

14.  The difference between grains grown in commercial grain farming regions and grains grown in mixed crop and livestock regions is that crops grown on the grain farms are consumed by humans instead of livestock.

16. Grain Farming  Three regions of large-scale grain production in North America: 1. The winter-wheat belt through KS, CO, and OK. These crops are planted in the autumn, wheat survives the winter. 2. The spring-wheat belt through ND, SD, MT, and parts of Canada. These crops are planted in spring and harvested in late summer. 3. The Palouse region of WA

17. Livestock Ranching  The commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area.  Livestock are best adapted to semi-arid or arid lands.  Describe the three “stages” of ranching as it has evolved in the U.S. (pg 327 – 328).

19. Mediterranean Agriculture  In Mediterranean areas: 1. sea winds provide moisture and moderate winter temperatures. 2. Summers are hot and dry, but sea breezes provide some relief. 3. The land is very hilly, and full of mountains.

20. Mediterranean Agriculture

21.  Most crops in Mediterranean lands are grown for human consumption rather than for animal feed.  Horticulture – the growing of fruit, vegetables, and flowers – and tree crops (these are the commercial base for MA) The two most important cash crops of the Mediterranean region are olives and grapes. What is the role of California in Mediterranean agriculture?????? Page 328.

22. Commercial Gardening & Fruit Farming

23. Three conditions which make the U.S. southeast ideal: 1) Region has a long growing season. 2) Humid climate. 3) Accessible to the large markets of New York, Philadelphia, Washington, and other eastern U.S. urban areas.