1. Air & Space Traffic Integration: Operational perspective Launching a Sub-Orbital Spacecraft Nicholas Mercury Carlstrom

2. “Law is a specialized social process rather than a set of rules, which reflects a practical approach to and recognition of modern exigencies of international relations. The idea that law is a set of rules is rejected on the ground that the process of authoritative and effective decision-making does not involve the mere application of a pre-determined set of rules but is molded by social, moral and political considerations as well. The realities of international relations are not reducible to a simple formula or set of principles but are dictated to by the interaction of States based on the primacy of a State and the philosophy that the world is organized on the basis of co-existence of States.” CREDIT: Reference [1].

3. Playing like a Grand Master is about thinking ahead! CREDIT: Reference [2].

4. Ground Operations

5. Launch Site Considerations  Launch site operators must specify what type of vehicle will operate from the facility and the launch azimuth for each launch point.  Launch site environmental assessment. Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation and National Environmental Policy Act. Harmony between humans and the environment.  Ex. Midland International Air and Spaceport  The “threatened” Prairie-Chicken  Altitude and subsonic, transonic, and supersonic stages. CREDIT: Reference [3].

6. CREDIT: Reference [4].

7. CREDIT: Reference [5].

8. Overflight Exclusion Zone (OEZ)  “Includes an overflight exclusion zone where the public risk criteria of 30×10 −6 would be exceeded if one person were present in the open..”  D(MAX) = 1.32 nautical miles  D(OEZ) = 3.18 nautical miles  CREDIT: Reference [6].  1 nautical mile ~ 1.15078 miles

9. CREDIT: Reference [7].

10. Flight Operations

11. CREDIT: Reference [9]. Lynx XR-5K18 engine. CREDIT: Reference [8].

12. CREDIT: Reference [10]

13. CREDIT: Reference [11].

14. CREDIT: Reference [12].

15. Sub-Orbital PTP Transportation

20. Action Items  Determine flight corridors for sub-orbital point-to-point (PTP) operations  Suggestion: Use a “route certificate” model based on a vehicle’s flight dynamics  Expand the FAR definitions for sub-orbital flight corridor and overflight exclusion zone determination. Explore risk analysis methods for PTP operations.  Promote intermodal connections development for current spaceports and launch sites.  Identify areas of improvement in commercial sub-orbital flight training standards.  Examine sub-orbital RLV technology classifications under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations.

21. References  Reference [1]: Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. Space Security Law. Quebec, Montreal: Springer, 2011. Print.  Reference [2]: http://www.abc-chess.com/  Reference [3]: www.oklahomafarmreport.com  Reference [4]:“Appendix A to Part 420 - Method for Defining a Flight Corridor” Defined. 14 C.F.R. § 420 (2014). Web  Reference [5]. “Appendix A to Part 420 - Method for Defining a Flight Corridor” Defined. 14 C.F.R. § 420 (2014). Web  Reference [6]: “Launch site location review — flight corridor” Defined. 14 C.F.R. § 420.23 (2014). Web  Reference [7]: FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation, September 25 th 2014  Reference [8]: XCOR Aerospace, http://www.xcor.com/blog/lynxengines101/  Reference [9]:XCOR Aerospace, http://www.xcor.com/images/vehicles/lynx/11-12- 21_lynx_payloads.jpg

22. References continued..  Reference [10]: XCOR Aerospace Inc. http://xcor.com/press/2008/images/lynx-flight-profile.pdf  Reference [11]: "Space Transportation Concept of Operations Annex for NextGen." Federal Aviation Administration, n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2014.  Reference [12]: XCOR Aerospace Inc. http://xcor.com/lynxprofile/