1. Poetry How to approach a poem? Vocab: Line Stanza Quatrain Sonnet Tercet rhyme

2. Poetry Try to establish a relation between sound and meaning.

3. Poetry Components of Rhythm: Stress: The usual tendency in English is for the stress to fall on the first syllable of a disyllabic, trisyllabic or polysyllabic word, but this is not an invariable rule, for instance: / + + + / + + + / + energy energic energetic / + + / + + + + + / + + human humanity humanitarian NB: / marks a stressed syllable.

4. Poetry The meters with 2 syllables are: Iambic (x/): That time of year thaou mayst in me behold Trochaic (/x): Tell me not in mournful numbers, Spondaic (//): Break, break, break

5. Poetry- Number of feet A line of 1 foot is a monometer 2 feet is a dimeter 3 feet is a trimeter 4 feet is a tetrameter Pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter, Example of trochaic tetrameter (4 trochees, 8 syllables) Tell me not in mournful numbers

6. Poetry- Rhyme Patterns of sound. Rhyme is the agreement of one sound with another at the end of a line and sometimes within the line. End rhyme: when the last word in a line of poetry rhymes with the last word in another line) When aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by. The tigers in the panel that she made Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid. Adrienne Rich’s “ Aunt Jennifer’s Tygers ”

7. Poetry- Rhyme Internal rhymes (when words in the middle of a line of poetry rhyme with each other): Analysis: And through the drifts the snowy clifts Did send a dismal sheen: Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken The ice was all between Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

8. poetry Half rhyme: is the repetition in stressed syllables of the final consonantal sound but not of the vowel sound. It seemed that out of battle I escaped a Down so profound dull tunnel, long since scooped a Through granites which titanic wars had groined. b Yet also there encumbered sleepers groaned. b Wilfred Owen’s Strange Meeting.

9. Poetry Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonantal sounds: I caught this morning morning’s minion, king- Dom of daylight’s dauphin, dapple-dawn- drawn falcon ……

10. poetry Consonance is defined as the pairing of words in which the final consonants of the stressed syllables agree: Drab habitation of whom? Tabernacle or tomb Or Dome of Worm – Or Porch of Gnome – Or some Elf’s Catacomb? Emily Dickinson.

11. poetry The quatrain is a stanza of four lines, but with many variations of the basic pattern: The heroic quatrain (4 lines of iambic pentameter, rhyming abab): Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea But sad mortality o’ersways their power, how with this rage shall beauty hold the plea, whose action is no stronger than a flower?

12. Poetry- meaning Figurative language: Words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation, Exaggeration Metaphor Hyperbole Simile Personification Symbolism (American flag to represent patriotism)

13. Poetry- meaning Dramatic irony: when words and actions possess a significance that the listener and audience understand but the character does not,