1. Exploring the Dairy Industry
Lesson

2. Interest Approach
Have students name as many external parts of a cow as they can.
Write all answers on an overhead or marker board.
Try to get both technical and non-technology terminology.
When they can no longer come up with any, pass out LS: B2-2A so students can follow along while discussing the external parts of the dairy cow.

3. Interest Approach
Start a discussion about the different dairy farms in the area.
Discuss breeds, size of herds, general operation of these dairies and question their knowledge about dairy production.

4. Student Learning Objectives
Identify major external parts of dairy cattle.
Describe major internal parts of dairy cattle.
Discuss selection of cattle to encourage herd improvement.
Explain dairy marketing options.
Explore the seven major breeds of dairy cattle used for milking.

5. Terms Artificial Insemination (AI) Beef Butterfat Cattle by-products
Crossbreeding
Culling
Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI)
Gestation
Mammary system
Outcrossing
Parturition
Purebreeding
Reproductive system
Testes
Veal

6. Identify major external parts of dairy cattle.
Objective #1

7. What are the major external parts of a dairy cow?
Head & neck
Legs and feet
Udder and mammary system
Rump and back
Tail

8. What are the major external parts of a dairy cow?

9. Describe major internal parts of dairy cattle.
Objective #2

10. What are the major internal parts of dairy cattle?
Terms
Reproductive system - the system used to reproduce cattle by natural, in vitro, and various artificial methods of insemination.
Testes - organs that produce sperm cells and the male bovine hormone testosterone.

11. What are the major internal parts of dairy cattle?
Gestation - time between when the egg is fertilized by the sperm and the birth of a calf.
Parturition - technical term for the birth of a calf.
Mammary system - system used for producing milk after parturition.

12. Reproductive System
Most important factor in improvement of the dairy breeds.
Male system - serves the purpose of producing sperm cells and the male sex hormones.
Female system - serves the purpose of producing eggs and the female sex hormones estrogen & progesterone.

13. Mammary System Production of milk
Includes - teats, udder, fore and rear udder attachments, alveoli, suspensory ligaments, mammary veins, and milk wells.
Dependent on management techniques
proper feeding, watering, and breeding programs

14. Parts of the Mammary System

15. Discuss selection of cattle to encourage herd improvement.
Objective #3

16. How do I select cattle to improve my herd?
Terms
Culling - removing animals from your herd based on a set criteria or other situations that may arise.
Dairy Herd Improvement Program (DHI) - national dairy testing and record keeping program through which you test your herd and compare it with other herds.

17. How do I select cattle to improve my herd?
Artificial Insemination (AI) - a method, other than natural mating, used to bring the sperm in contact with eggs.

18. How do I select cattle to improve my herd?
Purebreeding - the mating of a purebred animal to another purebred animal.
Outcrossing - the mating of an unrelated male and female of the same breed.
Crossbreeding - mating one breed of cattle to a recognized, but a different breed.

19. How do I select cattle to improve my herd?
Must be able to recognize desirable and undesirable traits.
Use your breeding techniques to continually improve your herd.
Be able to cull cows - opens up space for more profitable animals.
considerations for culling: milk production, reproduction history, age of animal, chronic health problem and the animal’s temperament.
Use the DHI

20. How do I select cattle to improve my herd?
Artificial Insemination (AI)
Using AI a producer can select sperm from hundreds of different donors.
Look at daughters of the sire and determine if they have the traits you are seeking.
Disadvantages:
have to catch cows in heat and take time to breed.

21. How do I select cattle to improve my herd?
Purebreeding system - improves your herd by keeping registration papers and you become familiar with genetics.
Outcrossing system - helps produce hybrid vigor within the breed.
Crossbreeding system - higher production and more resistance to disease.
Disadvantages: not able to register animals, difficult to predict what offspring may look like.

22. Explain dairy marketing options.
Objective #4

23. What are some of the marketing options with dairy cattle?
Terms
Veal - meat of young calves that are not used for replacement animals.
Beef - meat from cattle.
Cattle by-products - products made from various parts of the cattle.

24. What are some of the marketing options with dairy cattle?
Milk
Important to economy because used in a lot of products.
Average American uses just under 600 pounds of milk and other milk products.
Industry must produce over 150 million pounds annually.
Produced by cow after its first calf.

25. What are some of the marketing options with dairy cattle?
Milk
Continue to produce if milked frequently and fed a nutritious ration.
When milk production starts to drop, bred cow for more milk.
Can use bovine growth hormone (BGH) to increase milk production for extended periods of time.

26. What are some of the marketing options with dairy cattle?
Veal
fed a specific diet to keep color of lean meat in carcass a light pink.
usually under 3 months of age.
fed a diet of milk only.

27. What are some of the marketing options with dairy cattle?
Beef
cows no longer profitable because of age, production or reproduction.
sold for slaughter and used for beef.
male offspring not used for breeding.

28. What are some of the marketing options with dairy cattle?
Cattle by-products
Come from the: carcass, fat, bones, glands, intestines, brains, heart, and many other places.
Examples of cattle by-products: cat food, dog food, medicines, marshmallows, cosmetics, furniture and clothing.

29. Explore the seven major breeds of dairy cattle used for milking.
Objective #5

30. What dairy breeds are used for milking?

31. Holstein Most popular breed Makes up 90% of dairy cattle in the U.S.
Came from Netherlands in 1600’s
Black & white
Very large animals
Produce large average amount of milk per cow
Milk is lower in butterfat and protein
Butterfat – the fat content in the milk

32. Red & White Holstein Evolved from the black & white Holstein
Red & white in color
All other characteristics very similar to Holstein
Large animals
High milk production
Low butterfat and protein

33. Ayrshire Originated in Scotland.
Ayrshire Breeders' Association 1224 Alton Darby Creek Rd., Suite B - Columbus, OH Phone: (614) Fax: (614)
Originated in Scotland.
Light to dark cherry red, browns, and white in any combination.
Polled
Known for strong feet & legs, grazing ability, and well-attached udders.

34. Originated in the Alps of Switzerland. Solid brown in color.
800 Pleasant Street Beloit, WI Phone: Fax:
Originated in the Alps of Switzerland.
Solid brown in color.
Nose & tongue are black.
light-colored band around muzzle.
higher fat and protein ratio than Holstein.
Calm disposition.

35. Originated in the island of Guernsey.
American Guernsey Association 7614 Slate Ridge Blvd. Reynoldsburg, Ohio fax
Originated in the island of Guernsey.
Color is mostly fawn with white markings.
Smaller calves
Their milk color is more golden in color.
Popularity has declined.

36. Jersey Originated in the island of Jersey.
Vary in color but can be fawn, near white, grayish, with or without white markings.
Known for udder qualities - well shaped with strong attachments.
Lower in milk production, butterfat & protein is the highest.
Increasing in popularity
Small breed

37. American Jersey Cattle Association National All-Jersey Inc. 6486 E
American Jersey Cattle Association National All-Jersey Inc E. Main Street, Reynoldsburg, Ohio U.S.A Phone        Fax
Jersey

38. Milking Shorthorn Originated in England
P.O. Box 449
Beloit, Wisconsin
Phone: (608)
Originated in England
Any combination of red and white, just red or just white.
Very adaptable.
A fairly new breed designated as a dairy breed in 1968.

39. Review What are the major external parts of a dairy cow?
What are the major internal parts of dairy cattle?
How do I select cattle to improve my herd?
What are some marketing options with dairy cattle?
What dairy breeds are used for milking?

40. Credits Oklahoma State University ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/
Hoards Dairyman
hoards.com