1. Youkyung Ko Hwimin Kim Ran Chae

2. Background knowledge about the Civil War Vocabulary Walt Whitman O’ Captain! My Captain Harriet Beecher Stowe Emily Dickinson Sara Orne Jewett Other writers Mark Twain and Gilded Age Adventures of Tom Sawyer Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

3. Gilded Age : covered with a thing layer of gold or gold paint. ex) The Gilded Age was Twain’s first book Vulgarity : the fact of being rude of not having good taste. ex) She was offended by the vulgarity of their jokes. Revision : a change or set of changes to sth. ex) He made some minor revisions to the report before printing it out. Over-Soul : (especially in Transcendentalism) a divine sprit supposed to pervade the universe and to encompass all human souls.

4. Advent : the coming of an important event, person, invention etc. ex) the advent of new technology Hymn : a song of praise, especially one praising God and sung by Christian. ex) The congregation stood to sing the hymn. Overmaster : overcome, conquer Folklore : the traditions and stories of a country or community. ex) Negro-folklore ( 흑인 민속학 )

9. What is the Civil War? The American Civil War (1861–1865), also known as the War Between the States (among other names), was a civil war in the United States of America. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Fort Sumter is a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor, South Carolina.

10. Why was it happened? 1.A concise history of slavery During the first part of the 1800's the North and the South grew in different ways. In the North, cities were centers of wealth and manufacturing. There were many skilled workers. In the South there was not much manufacturing. There were not many skilled workers. Most of the people were farmers. Money came from plantation crops, like cotton, rice, sugar cane and tobacco. Slaves did most of the work on the plantations. For those reason, the south wanted to remain the slavery, while the north prefer to free of slavery.

11. Why was it happened? 2. Constitutional Questions People argued about the meaning of the Constitution since its infancy. From a legal standpoint, the document defines the relationship between the people of the United States and the federal government, detailing the powers and responsibilities of each. In 1828 Vice-president John C. Calhoun said if a state felt a federal law extended beyond the Constitutional rights of the government that state had the right to ignore the law. This concept dated back the Articles of Confederation. President Andrew Jackson felt the federal government was the highest authority and the states had to abide by its law.

12. ◈ Most of Whitman’s education came from jobs in printing shops and newspaper ◈ He boldly brings sex within the poetry ◈ He thinks that more important development in the area of poetic form ◈ He works as a nurse in the Civil War(1861~ 1865)

13. ◈ Contains “ Song of myself ” the most stunningly original poem ◈ Vast, Energetic, and Natural as the American continent ◈ Attempt at reaching out to the common person with as American epic

14. O’ captain my captain was written about the murder of Lincoln in 1865 In Dead Poets Society

15. ◈ She was American abolitionist and author Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) ◈ Depicted life for African American under slavery

16. ◈ She lived private life in a big old house in Amherst, Massachusetts ◈ Her subject mainly love, death, soul and heaven ◈ Her poetry was excellent creative metaphor and novelty ◈ Not tried to conventional grammar and format

17. ◈ American novelist and short story writer ◈ She was one of the leaders of the “ local color ” school of realism ◈ Her character are usually ordinary people, living in ordinary little New England towns

18. The south which was economically and spiritually destroyed by the Civil War, produced very little important literature in the post war years. Sidney Lanier George Washington Cable Joel Chandler Harris Bret Harte

19. Mark Twain (1835-1910 : real name Samuel Clemens) He was born and grown up in Florida, Missouri. When Twain was four, his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri, a port town on the Mississippi River. For four years, He worked as a river pilot. Life on the Mississippi When the Civil War destroyed the riverboat business, he went to Nevada. From there, he went on to California, where he worked on a newspaper. The Celebrated Jumping Frog (1865)

20. The Innocents Abroad (1869) Roughing It (1872) A Tramp Abroad (1880) The period of the Civil War was a time when a small number of millionaire businessmen held great power in American society. Many people thought of this period as a new "Golden Age". But the gold was only on the surface. Underneath, American society was filled with crime and social injustice. It was, in fact, only a "gilded Age": the gold was just a thin layer. The Gilded Age (1873) Mark Twain created this phrase for his novel, co-written with Charles Warner. The book describes how a group of young people are morally destroyed by the dream of becoming rich.

21. Gilded Age In American history, the Gilded Age refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States during the post-Civil War and post- Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century (1869-1896). The term "Gilded Age" was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their 1873 book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. The name refers to the process of gilding and is meant to make fun of ostentatious display.

22. The Gilded Age is most famous for the creation of a modern industrial economy. During the 1870s and 1880s, the U.S. economy grew at the fastest rate in its history, with real wages, wealth, GDP, and capital formation all increasing rapidly. The end of the Gilded Age coincided with the Panic of 1893, a deep depression. The depression lasted until 1897 and marked a major political realignment in the election of 1896. After that came the Progressive Era.

23. Adventures of Tom Sawyer The book begins in St. Petersburg, Missouri, a small village on the banks of the Mississippi River in the mid-1800s. At midnight, Tom and Huck sneak into the graveyard. Once there, they hear people coming and hide. Dr. Robinson arrives with Injun Joe, an evil criminal, and Muff Potter. They are stealing bodies from the grave. The men argue. Muff Potter is knocked out, and Injun Joe murders Dr. Robinson. Tom and Huck run away, fearing for their lives. When Muff Potter awakes, Injun Joe tells him that he, not Injun Joe, murdered the Doctor. Tom and Huck, scared, swear never to tell anyone what they saw. The two young heroes, Tom and Huck Finn, are "bad" only because they fight against the stupidity of the adult world. But in the end they win.

24. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Twain gives his young hero very adult problems. Huck and an escaped slave, Jim, are floating down the Mississippi River in a raft. During their trip, in the various towns and villages along the way, Huck learns about the evil of the world. Huck, meanwhile, is facing a big moral problem. The laws of society say he must return Jim to his "owner". But, in the most important part of the book, he decides that the salve is a man, not a "thing". He thinks deeply about morality and then decides to break the law.