1. Chapter 17 World War II and the Holocaust Lesson 1 World War II Begins

2. Hitler's Violations of the Treaty of Versailles March 1935: Hitler announces the creation of a new air force. March 1935: Hitler institutes a military draft to expand the army from 100,000 to 550,000 troops. March 1936: Hitler deploys troops in the demilitarized Rhineland.

3. German Mobilization The German economy changed after Germany’s defeat on the Russian front and the U.S. entry into World War II. o Massive increase in armament production o Total war mobilization o Closure of schools, theaters, and cafés o Recognized need for women to work in support of war effort, though number of women in workforce increased little

4. Japanese Colonial Policies Were not significantly different from Western colonial policies Sought to modernize occupied territory based on Japanese models Dedicated economic resources to Japanese war machine Filled labor forces with prisoners of war and local peoples Recruited native peoples of occupied territory to serve in local military units and public works projects

5. The New Order Japan claimed that the New Order was a system of control dedicated to increasing prosperity for Asian neighbors. Japan acquired parts of China and French Indochina, which it ran under military rule. Japan exploited raw materials in Southeast Asia to fuel its military machine.

6. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Group of Asian nations controlled by Japan Included most of East Asia and the western Pacific Although promised liberation from Western colonial rule, was dominated by Japan to exploit natural resources for its own use

7. Risks of Japanese Invasion of French Indochina War with European colonial powers and the United States U.S. economic sanctions o Loss of badly needed oil and scrap iron

8. German-Italian Alliance Germany supports the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. German and Italian troops aid General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Germany and Italy create a new alliance known as the Rome-Berlin Axis.

9. U.S. Neutrality Acts Neutrality acts were passed by the U.S. Congress in the 1930s. o The acts were intended to prevent the United States from becoming involved in another European war. President Franklin Roosevelt believed the neutrality acts encouraged Axis aggression. The acts were gradually relaxed as supplies were shipped to Britain.

10. Chapter 17 World War II and the Holocaust Lesson 2 World War II

11. Similarities Between Napoleon’s and Hitler’s Invasions of Russia Napoleon and Hitler attack in June and are able to penetrate deep into Russia at first. o Russians adopt scorched-earth strategy and retreat while destroying crops and other resources. Invading French and Nazi armies fail to overcome Russian defenses before winter sets in. Severe Russian winters catch invaders unprepared; widespread disease and death result. Reserve Russian troops from deep within the country gather and drive out the invaders the following year.

12. “Island Hopping” Was a U.S. military strategy to capture Japanese-held islands in the Pacific Utilized combined attacks of U.S. Army, Marines, and Navy Focused on capturing some islands and bypassing others to get closer and closer to Japan

13. Chapter 17 World War II and the Holocaust Lesson 3 The Home Front and Civilians

14. African American Migration More than 1 million African Americans moved to a different part of the United States in search of industrial jobs. They left the rural South for cities in the North and the West. The presence of African Americans in areas where they had not lived before led to racial tensions and sometimes even racial riots.

15. Children and the War Soviet Union o Girls worked in industries, mines, and railroads. o Children spied on German positions and worked with the resistance. o Some were given decorations for killing enemy troops. Germany o Hitler Youth served in the front lines during the last years of the war. o German children were sent to camps in the countryside to protect them from the bombing of cities.

16. Children and the War Great Britain o During air raids many were evacuated to the countryside. o Some were sent to Canada and the United States. United States o Children were affected by shortages of housing and schools in industrial boomtowns. Japan o Fifteen thousand children had been evacuated from Hiroshima before the atomic bomb was dropped.

17. Air Bombing of Japan Continuous long-range bombing by U.S. B-29 airplanes High-altitude daylight strikes Low-level napalm firebombs at night, highly successful Atomic bomb dropped on military port of Hiroshima o 4.4 square miles burned o Approximately 70,000 killed Nagasaki hit with second atomic weapon o 40,000 killed

18. Air Bombing of Japan Continuing deaths from atomic bombings, due to injuries and radiation sickness Destruction of many industries and dwellings

19. Chapter 17 World War II and the Holocaust Lesson 4 The New Order and the Holocaust

20. Anti-Semitism and the Final Solution You have learned about Hitler’s belief in the superiority of the Aryans and the inferiority of all others, especially the Jews. You have also learned about his “Final Solution” to the Jewish problem. As a homework assignment, write a paragraph in which you respond to the following question: How did Nazi Germany’s use of the term “Final Solution” reflect Hitler’s view of the need for genocide to solve “the Jewish problem”?

21. Anti-Semitism and the Final Solution Use the following questions as a guide in focusing your paragraph: Why did Hitler view the existence of the Jewish people as a problem? In Hitler's view, what would have been the result of a less than “final” solution? What other options did Hitler have besides genocide, and how would those options have affected Germany?

22. Slave Labor in Germany Hitler saw Slavs as racially inferior peoples who should be made to serve the German nation. Non-German European workers eventually made up 20 percent of Germany’s labor force. Pulling large numbers of workers out of occupied countries to work in Germany disrupted industrial production that could have served Germany. Brutal treatment of foreign workers led to resistance against Nazi occupation forces.

23. Liberating the Concentration Camps As Allied forces drove the Nazi army out of occupied countries in 1944 and 1945, they liberated concentration camps and death camps. Camps liberated by Soviet troops included the Auschwitz and Majdanek death camps. Camps liberated by U.S. and British forces included Buchenwald and Bergen-Belsen. The soldiers who liberated the camps provided eyewitness accounts of the details of the Holocaust. Millions of Jews had died in the camps before the camps were liberated.

24. Chapter 17 World War II and the Holocaust Lesson 5 World War II Ends

25. Allies’ Conferences Tehran Decisions on future course of the war; plan for final assault on Germany Yalta Agreements on conditions for Soviet aid against Japan, creation of the United Nations, division of Germany, and free elections in Poland Potsdam Soviet rejection of U.S. demand for free elections in Eastern Europe; agreement on trials of Nazi war criminals

26. The Soviet Union’s Desire for Islands and Ports Disputes between Russia and Japan about control of these areas had been a cause of the Russo- Japanese War in 1905. Sakhalin Island was valuable for its coal, petroleum, timber, and fishery. The Kuril Islands were valuable for their fishery. Warm-water ports would give the Soviet Union year-round access to the Pacific. As a condition for entering the war against Japan, the Soviet Union demanded control of Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and warm-water ports in Manchuria.

27. United Nations Advocated by United States at Yalta conference during World War II Founded in 1945, after World War II Aim to maintain international peace and security Commitment to human rights and justice Promotion of social progress and wellbeing