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Lesson 9 -The Brain Brainstem – innermost region of the brain home to vital unconscious function.
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The Hindbrain Medulla – attaches to spinal cord – Largely unconscious function control (blood circulation, breathing, muscle maintenance, regulation of reflexes like sneezing/coughing. The Pons – “the bridge” fibers that connect brainstem with cerebellum to pass info. – Movement, breathing, sleep, and arousal. Cerebellum – highly folded “little brain” responsible for coordinating fine muscle movements and balance.
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The Midbrain – integrates sensory processes, contains dopamine releasing neurons Reticular formation – group of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep and arousal through the brain stem. – Contributes to modulation of muscle reflexes, breathing, pain perception.
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The Forebrain – largest most complex part Composed of the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum. Cerebrum – center for complex thought Cerebral cortex – wrinkly surface of cerebrum, outer layer of the brain.
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The Thalamus: Sensory Relay All sensory information, except smell, must pass through to get to the cerebral cortex.
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The Hypothalamus: Biological Needs Kidney bean sized area under the thalamus. Controls autonomic nervous system. Link between brain and endocrine system. The Four F’s Control of sexual motivation, hunger, thirst, temp. regulation.
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The Limbic System: Emotion Emotion center, major pleasure cortex Includes: hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, the olfactory bulb Hippocampus – learning & memory processes Amygdala – emotion (fear) and aggression.
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The Cerebrum – Complex Thought Responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement. Cerebral Hemispheres – Left/Right halves of the brain. – Lateralization – one area excels w/ particular task – Corpus Callosum – structure that connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres. – Divided into 4 lobes
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The Four Lobes Occipital Lobe: back of head, primary visual cortex. Parietal Lobe: front of occipital, primary somatosensory cortex (touch) Temporal Lobe: below parietal, primary auditory cortex Frontal Lobe: Primary motor cortex, largest lobe, controls muscle movement. – Mirror Neurons – Prefrontal Cortex – working memory.
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Plasticity of the Brain 1.Aspects of experience can shape features of the brain. 2.Brain damage can lead to natural reorganization. 3.Neurogenesis- adult brains can generate new neurons.
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The Unixed Brain - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHxyP- nUhUY The Unixed Brain - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHxyP- nUhUY Bending the Mind – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcL5x7Ql mBI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcL5x7Ql mBI
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